A¡L$kp¡ bphuk hj®_u kaf_p¡ A„s
L$p¥riL$ dl¡sp
18 qX$k¡çbf, 1880 A_¡ 18 qX$k¡bf, 2002. 122 hj®_p¡ gp„bp¡ kdeNpmp¡ A¡L$ Brslpk b_u Nep¡ R>¡, k„cpfÏ„ b_u Nep¡ R>¡.
S>¡çk A¡ÞX³$ b°pDÞk fçk Da® X¡$glpDku_p kdedp„ 1853dp„ dy„bC-\pZp hÃQ¡ cpfs_u â\d f¡g iê$ \C A¡_p 150 hj®_u DS>hZu Qpg¡ R>¡. `Z 18 qX$k¡çbf, 1880_p Np¢X$g õV¡$V$ A_¡ cph_Nf õV¡$V$_p k„ey¼s kplk\u ê$. 86 gpM_p MQ£ b_¡gu f¡gh¡gpB_ `f v$p¡X$su V²¡$__u kaf_p¡ 20du qX$k¡çbf¡ fpÓ¡ 11 hpÁe¡ A„s Apìep¡ A¡_u epv$Nufuê$`¡ f¡gh¡A¡ L„$C L$ey¯ _\u. lp, `¡k¡ÞS>k® A¡kp¡rke¡i_¡ R>¡ëgu V²¡$__¡ rhv$pe Ap`u.
fpS>L$p¡V$-S|>_pNY$ hÃQ¡ lh¡ b°p¡X$N¡S> f¡gh¡_y„ L$pd iê$ \ey„ R>¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ Ap ê$V$_u duV$fN¡S>_u Ly$g 12 V²¡$_p¡ b„^ \C R>¡. 3 drl_p Ap L$pd Qpgi¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ Adv$phpv$-h¡fphm rNf_pf A¡¼kâ¡k, kp¡d_p\ A¡¼kâ¡k, fpS>L$p¡V$-h¡fphm d¡Bg V²¡$_ A_¡ apõV$ `¡k¡ÞS>f V²¡$_ krls 12 V²¡$_p¡ b„^ \sp„ Ap rhõspfdp„ A`-X$pD_ L$f_pfp gp¡L$p¡A¡, _p¡L$qfepsp¡A¡ afrS>eps bk_u kaf L$fhu `X$u flu R>¡.
Apd sp¡ kp¥fpô²$dp„ 1869dp„ kf qfQX®$ V¡$ç`g¡ f¡g _pMhp_p¡ rhQpf L$f¡gp¡, `Z Np¢X$g_p c|s`|h® fpS>hu kf cNhstklÆ A_¡ cph_Nf_p s¿stklÆA¡ k„ey¼s kplk L$fu f¡gh¡ _pMhp `l¡g L$fu. Np¢X$g-cph_Nf f¡gh¡ dpV¡$ cph_Nf õV¡$V$_¡ ê$. 57,33,400_p¡ A_¡ Np¢X$g õV¡$V$_¡ ê$. 28,96,600_p¡ MQ® Apìep¡ lsp¡. A¡g¡L¹$Tp„X$f ApBT¡L$ _pd_p BS>_¡f_p dpN®v$i®_ sm¡ duV$fN¡S> f¡gh¡ _MpC. A_¡ 18 qX$k¡çbf, 1880_p dy„bC âp„s_p Nh_®f kf S>¡çk aÁey®k_¡ A¡ f¡ggpB__y„ Dv¹$OpV$_ L$ey¯.
A¡ `R>u Np¢X$gdp„ gp¡L$p¡-i¡X$ bÞep¡. f¡gh¡ bp¡Nu A¡ S>dp_pdp„ b_su. kp¥fpô²$dp„ S>¡sgkf-hp„kÅrmep f¡ggpB_ `Z Np¢X$g õV¡$V¡$ _pMu lsu. A¡ S> fus¡ fpS>L$p¡V$ S>„¼i_\u S>¡sgkf ky^u_u gpB_ `Z _MpC.
lh¡ Ap duV$fN¡S> f¡ggpB__p fp¡QL$ Brslpk_p¡ A„s Apìep¡ R>¡, `Z A¡ S>dp_pdp„ f¡ghluhV$ kpfp¡ lsp¡ A¡ L¡$V$gpL$ Ap„L$X$pAp¡ `f\u ÅZu iL$pe R>¡. Np¢X$g-cph_Nf, fpS>L$p¡V$-S|>_pNY$ hN¡f¡ gpB__u f¡g AphL$ 1904dp„ ê$. 22.3 gpM lsu A_¡ MQ® ê$. 10.5 gpM, `Z Ap b^u hpsp¡ `f kde_p¡ `X$v$p¡ `X$u Nep¡ R>¡.
fpS>L$p¡V$-h¡fphm b°p¡X$N¡S> gpB__p¡ âp¡S>¡¼V$ `Z _hp¡khp¡ _\u. 1987dp„ Ap âp¡S>¡¼V$ d„S|>f \ep¡ Ðepf¡ ê$. 47 L$fp¡X$_y„ bS>¡V$ lsy„, `Z rhg„b \sp¡ füp¡ A_¡ bS>¡V$ h^sy„ Ney„. ApS>¡ fpS>L$p¡V$-h¡fphm A_¡ S>¡sgkf-hp„kÅrmep âp¡S>¡¼V$_p¡ MQ® ê$. 247 L$fp¡X$¡ `lp¢Ãep¡ R>¡.
kp¥fpô²$dp„ lSy> OZu duV$fN¡S> gpB_ R>¡. S>¡sgkf-hp„kÅrmep_y„ L$pd bpL$u R>¡. S|>_pNY$-h¡fphm_y„ L$pd lSy> bpL$u R>¡. h¡fphm-spgpmp, bp¡V$pv$-Adv$phpv$, cph_Nf-dlzhp A¡d R>A¡L$ duV$fN¡S> gpB_ R>¡. A¡_y„ `Z b°p¡X$N¡S>dp„ ê$`p„sf \i¡ L¡$ L¡$d? A_¡ \i¡ sp¡ ¼epf¡? A¡ sp¡ f¡gh¡ S> ÅZ¡.