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lp¡d`¡S> >
h^y kdpQpf >
_d®v$p b„^ k„b„r^s Al¡hpgp¡ >
NyS>fps_u sfk
_d®v$p : rhfp¡^ A_¡ kfL$pfu hQ_p¡
1 Sy>gpC, 2003
_d®v$p Ap„v$p¡g__u â¡k qfguTdp„ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ NyS>fps kfL$pf, s¡Z¡ _d®v$p L$ÞV²$p¡g Ap¡\p¡qfV$u_¡ Ap`¡gp„ hQ_p¡_y„ `pg_ _\u L$fu flu.
1993dp„ dlpfpô²$_y„ dqZb¡gu Npd AMbpfu l¡X$gpB_p¡dp„ Qd¼ey„ lsy„ S>¡dp„ A¡kA¡k`u (kfv$pf kfp¡hf âp¡S>¡¼V$) X¡$d b_hp\u A¡_p cp¡Nê$`¡ `pZudp„ X|$bu S>_pfy„ fpÄe_y„ `l¡gy„ Npd li¡ A¡d L$l¡hpey„ lsy„. A¡ hMs¡ kfv$pf b„^_u KQpC 69 duV$f_u lsu. dqZb¡gu_p„ Akf `pd¡gp„ 80 Ly$Vy„$bp¡dp„\u A¡L$`Z Ly$Vy„$b_y„ kamsp`|h®L$ `y_:õ\p`_ _\u \ey„.
lh¡, v$k hj® bpv$ A¡kA¡k`u_u Akf sm¡ Aph¡gp„ Ly$Vy„$bp¡_u k„¿ep h^u_¡ 3,000_u \C R>¡. A¡dp„_p gNcN b^p S> Apqv$hpku R>¡. fpls A_¡ `y_h®k_- Apf A¡ÞX$ Apf (qfrga A¡ÞX$ qfl¡rbrgV¡$i_)_p L$pe®dp„ s¡_u r_óamsp R>sp„ fpÄe kfL$pf¡ A¡_kuA¡ (_d®v$p L$ÞV²$p¡g Ap¡\p¡qfV$u)_¡ A¡hu Mpsfu Ap`u lsu L¡$, Ap Qp¡dpkp `l¡gp„ s¡ rhõ\pr`sp¡_¡ afu hkphi¡, A¡V$g¡ Ap¡\p¡qfV$uA¡ b„^_u KQpC 100 duV$f ky^u h^pfhp_u `fhp_Nu Ap`u lsu.
26du d¡_p qv$hk¡ _d®v$p b„^_p rhfp¡^uAp¡ 3,000 Ly$Vy„$b_p Apf A¡ÞX$ Apf_u dpNZu kp\¡ _prkL$_p qX$rhT_g L$rdi_f_p L$pep®ge kdn ^fZp„ `f b¡W$p lsp. L$p¡C S> `Ngy„ _ g¡hpsp„ A¡_buku (_d®v$p bQpAp¡ Ap„v$p¡g_)_p„ d¡^p `pV$L$f¡ 30du d¡_p qv$hk\u Ar_ròs dyv$s_p D`hpk `f b¡khp_u Ål¡fps L$fu lsu. kfL$pf¡ _uQ¡ Ap`¡gu dpNZuAp¡_p¡ rhQpf L$fsp„ A¡dZ¡ 4\u S|>__p qv$hk¡ D`hpk `X$sp d|¼ep lsp.
(1) ep¡S>_p\u Akf `pd¡gp„- `uA¡A¡a (âp¡S>¡¼V$ A¡a¡¼V¡$X$ a¡rdgu)_p S>du__p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ ky^pfhp¡, A¡d L$fu_¡ Ål¡f _rl L$fpe¡gp `uA¡A¡a_¡ kdph¡i L$fhp¡.
(2) S>du_ X|$bdp„ S>hp_p âdpZ L¡$ õsf A_ykpf Npddp„ Ly$Vy„$bp¡_¡ hl¢Qu _pMhp_u bpbs_p¡ rhfp¡^ \ep¡ lp¡C_¡ Npd âdpZ¡ `y_h®k_ L$fhy„. A¡ bpbs `Z b„^_u KQpC_u kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu R>¡.
(3) S>du_ d¡mhhp_p¡ L¡$ S>du_ âpàs L$fpep_p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ QL$pkhp¡ A_¡ `y¿s `yÓp¡_u ìep¿ep _½$u L$fhp dpV¡$ 1887_u L$V$-Ap¡a spfuM_p¡ õhuL$pf L$fhp¡. S>¡ Ly$Vy„$bp¡ l„Npdu fus¡ rhõ\pr`s \hp_p„ R>¡ A¡d_¡ AkfN°õs Ly$Vy„$bp¡dp„ kdphu g¡hp„.
(4) `y_h®k__u ep¡S>_p OX$hp_u bpbs A_¡ s¡_y„ r_ed_ dpÓ qfl¡rbrgV¡$i_ àgpt_N L$rdV$u s\p Ap¡hfìey L$rdV$u Üpfp S> \hy„ Å¡CA¡. Ap krdrsAp¡ `y_h®k_ `|fy„ \ep_y„ âdpZ`Ó _ Ap`¡ Ðep„ ky^u b„^_u KQpC h^pfhp_p¡ r_Z®e _ L$fphp¡ Å¡CA¡.
(5) L$p¡õV$ b¡r_qaV$ Bh¡ëeyA¡i_ L$rdV$u_¡ S>ê$f `X¡$ s¡ X$pV$p-dprlsu_¡ dlpfpô²$ kfL$pf Üpfp gp¡L$p¡_¡ dm¡ A¡d \hy„ Å¡CA¡. b„^ dlpfpô²$_¡ apev$pL$pfL$ R>¡ L¡$ _rl A¡ Å¡hp dpV¡$ Ap krdrs_u fQ_p L$fpC lsu.
fpÄe kfL$pf¡ A¡_p hl¡hpfdp„ L„$CL$ A„i¡ klL$pf bspìep¡ lsp¡, A¡d A¡_buA¡ õhuL$pf¡ R>¡. kfL$pf¡ `p¡sp_p `n¡ A¡d L$b|ëey„ lsy„ L¡$, AkfN°õs Ly$Vy$„bp¡_u k„¿ep bpbs A_¡ Apf A¡ÞX$ Apf k„b„^¡ kfL$pf X$pV$p d¡mhhpdp„ afu Q|L$u NC lsu. Å¡L$¡ Apf A¡ÞX$ Apf bpbs¡ c|g _rl ky^pfhp_y„ kfL$pf¡ ÅZ¡ `k„v$ L$ey¯ lsy„. A¡_buA¡_p A¡L$ L$pe®L$f¡ L$üy„ lsy„, "d_¡ Mbf _\u kfL$pf ApMpe Ap„v$p¡g__u D`¡np L$fu flu R>¡ L¡$ A¡_¡ h^y dpd|gu b_phu flu R>¡'.
Aphp rhrQÓ hl¡hpf_p L¡$ ArcNd_p b¡ õ`óV$ k„L¡$s R>¡. A¡L$ sp¡ A¡.`u. cph¡ krdrsdp„ âNqs_p¡ Acph A_¡ buSy>„ h^pf¡ N„cuf R>¡ s¡ A¡ L¡$, S>[õV$k A¡k.A¡d. v$pDv$ krdrs_p Al¡hpg_p¡ Adg _ L$fpep¡.
cph¡ krdrs L$p¡õV$ b¡r_qaV$ Bh¡ëeyA¡i_ L$rdV$u sfuL¡$ `Z Ap¡mMpsu lsu. S>¡_u fQ_p kfL$pf¡ kàV¡$çbf, 2001dp„ L$fu lsu. Þepep^ui v$pDv$ krdrs_y„ L$pd rhõ\pr`sp¡_p `y_:õ\p`_ A_¡ `y_h®k_dp„ dv$v$ L$fhp_y„ lsy„. krdrsA¡ kfL$pf_¡ 29du S|>_ 2001_p qv$hk¡ kfL$pf_¡ ky`fs L$f¡gp A¡_p Al¡hpgdp„ S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$, 90 duV$f_u KQpC_¡ L$pfZ¡ Akf `pd¡gpAp¡_y„ `y_h®k_ lÆ A^|fy„ R>¡. A¡_X$bëeyX$uV$uA¡ (_d®v$p hp¡V$f qX$õàeyV$ qV²$åey_g A¡hp¡X®$)_p r_edp¡ A_ykpf, AkfN°õs Ly$Vy„$bp¡_p¡ `y_:hkhpV$ S>du_ X|$bdp„ S>hp_p R> drl_p `l¡gp„ \hy„ Å¡CA¡, b„^_y„ h^y ApNm_y„ bp„^L$pd spbX$sp¡b AV$L$phu v¡$hy„ Å¡CA¡, `Z A¡d _ \ey„. kfL$pf¡ Al¡hpg õhuL$pep£, A_¡ A¡ Apf A¡ÞX$ Apf (qfrga A¡ÞX$ qfl¡rbrgV¡$i_)_¡ L¡$V$guL$ lv$ ky^u `|Z® L$fi¡, A¡hu Mpsfu A¡_kuA¡A¡ Ap`u lsu. Ap Mpsfu_¡ Ap^pf¡ A¡_kuA¡ Üpfp bp„^L$pd Qpghp v¡$hp_u `fhp_Nu A`pC lsu.
v$pDv$ krdrsA¡¡ `y_:õ\p`_ âq¾$epdp„ S> fl¡gu L¡$V$guL$ nrsAp¡ v¡$MpX$u lsu. Al¡hpgdp„ Ap nrsAp¡ bpbs¡ v$p¡j_p¡ dp¡V$p cpN_p¡ V$p¡`gp¡ `y_®hk__p dpõV$fàgp__u N¡flpS>$fu `f Y$p¡þep¡ lsp¡. OZp„ Apqv$hpku Npdp¡dp„ `y_h®k_ `l¡gp„ S> S>du_ X|$bdp„ S>hp gpNu lp¡hp_y„ Al¡hpgdp„\u k|Qhpsy„ lsy„. krdrsA¡ S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$, lpgdp„ S>du_ dmu iL¡$ A¡d _\u.
dpõV$f àgp_ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ r_óamsp A¡ õ`ô$`Z¡ N„cuf nrs lsu S>¡_p\u `uA¡A¡a_u bpv$bpL$u A_¡ Ap¡R>u Ap„L$Zu krls_u N„cuf kdõepAp¡ MX$u \C lsu. Aphp dpõV$f àgp__¡ A¡_X$bëeyX$uV$uA¡ (_d®v$p hp¡V$f qX$õàeyV$ qV²$åey_g A¡hp¡X®$) A_¡ kyâud L$p¡V£$ kyÙp„ ApNp¡sfu S>ê$qfeps NÎep¡ lsp¡. Ap_p\u `y_:õ\p`_ A_¡ `y_h®k_ âq¾$ep _bmu `X$u lsu.
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sdpfp dpV¡$
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