qv$_¡i fpl¡Å

`„Åb_p Nyfv$pk`yf_p eyhp_ v¡$hv$Ñ r`ip¡fudg Ap_„v$_¡ `Z buÅ kpdpÞe dpZkp¡_u S>¡d k`_p„ Å¡hp Ndsp„. s¡_y„ A¡L$ k`_y„ lsy„ qaëdõV$pf b_hp_y„. A_¡ A¡ dpV¡$ v¡$hv$Ñ _pd _l] Åd¡ `Z v¡$h Ap_„v$ Ådi¡ A¡_u `Z A¡_¡ Mbf lsu.

1943dp„ gplp¡fdp„\u bu.A¡._y„ cZu_¡ A¡¼V$f b_hp_p k`_p kp\¡ s¡ dy„bC Apìep¡.

dy„bC k¡ÞV²$g õV¡$i_ `f\u V$p„Npdp„ b¡ku_¡ _uL$þep¡ A_¡ dp¡ldeu _Nfu_u Apcp Å¡C_¡ QqL$s \C Nep¡. `Z A¡_¡ `p¡sp_pdp„ `|fp¡ cfp¡kp¡ lsp¡ L¡$ A¡ `Z A¡L$ qv$hk dlp_Nf_y„ ÅZusy„ dp¡Mfp_y„ _pd b_u S>i¡. iê$Apsdp„ kõsu gp¡S>dp„ A_¡ fpÅ fph S>¡hp ÅZusp _hgL$\pL$pf rdÓp¡_¡ Ðep„ `¡IN N¡õV$ sfuL¡$ füp¡.

v¡$h Ap_„v$ `f qaëdphpe¡gp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ gp¡L$râe Nusp¡
Nus	qaëd	NpeL$
Åe¡ sp¡  Åe¡ L$lp„	V¡$¼ku X²$pBhf	sgs dl¡d|v$
Æh_ L¡$ kaf  d¢ fplu	dyr_dÆ	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf
R>p¡X$ v$p¡  Ap„Qg	`¡HN N¡õV$	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf,  Apip cp¡kg¡
rS>ep Ap¡ rS>ep Ly$R>  bp¡g v$p¡	S>b àepf qL$kuk¡  lp¡sp l¥	dp¡lçdv$ fau
qv$g L$p c„hf	s¡f¡ Of L¡$ kpd_¡	gsp d„N¡iL$f
Acu _p ÅAp¡  R>p¡X$L¡$	ldv$p¡_p¡	dp¡lçdv$ fau,  Apip cp¡kg¡
Npsp fl¡  d¡fp qv$g	NpBX$	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf, gsp  d„N¡iL$f
el qv$g _p  lp¡sp b¡Qpfp	Äh¡g \ua	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf
awgp¢ L¡$  f„N k¡	â¡d`|Åfu	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf
`g cf L¡$ rge¡	Älp¡_u d¡fp  _pd	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf

dy„bC_p QQ®N¡V$ rhõspfdp„ Aph¡gu rdrgV$fu k¡Þkf Ap¡qakdp„ _p¡L$fu iê$ L$fu, 160 ê$r`ep_p `Npf¡. A¡ S>dp_pdp„ ApV$gp¡ `Npf dmhp¡ L„$C _p_uk|_u hps _lp¡su. `Z \p¡X$p S> hMsdp„ s¡_¡ âcps V$p¡L$uT_u qaëd ld A¡L$ l¥ (1946)dp„ A¡¼V$f sfuL¡$ b°¡L$ dþep¡.

`|_pdp„ qaëd_y„ i|qV„$N Qpgsy„ lsy„ Ðep„ v¡$h_¡ buÅ A¡¼V$f Nyfy v$Ñ kp\¡ Ap¡mMpZ \C. `R>u sp¡ b„_¡ `p½$p cpCb„^ \C Nep. A¡L$buÅ„_p„ L$`X$p„ `l¡fsp, kp\¡ fl¡sp A_¡ kp\¡ k`_p„ Å¡sp. A¡dZ¡ _½$u L$ey¯ L¡$ Å¡ v¡$h qaëd b_ph¡ sp¡ s¡_y„ qv$Áv$i®_ Nyfy v$Ñ L$fi¡ A_¡ Nyfy v$Ñ qaëd b_ph¡ sp¡ A¡¼V$f sfuL¡$ v¡$h_¡ g¡i¡.

v¡$h_y„ k`_y„ S>gv$u aþey„. s¡_¡ s¡_p> a¡hqfV$ L$gpL$pf Aip¡L$ Ly$dpf¡ A¡L$ fp¡g Ap¡af L$ep£. Aip¡L$ Ly$dpf¡ v¡$h_¡ õVy$qX$ep¡dp„ afsp¡ Å¡ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ bp¡çb¡ V$p¡L$uT_u qaëd rTØu (1948) dpV¡$ lufp¡ sfuL¡$ gC gu^p¡. s¡_u kp\¡ rlfp¡B_ L$prd_u L$p¥ig lsu.

A¡ kp\¡ S> kamsp_p¡ vp¡f iê$ \ep¡. v¡$h¡ rlgd¡_ L$pf Mfuv$u. õ_¡lâcp â^p_ s¡_u a¡hqfV$ A¡¼V²¡$k lsu s¡_u kp\¡ L$pd L$fhp_u s¡_u BÃR>p `Z `|fu \C.

1949dp„ v¡$h A_¡ s¡_p dp¡V$p cpC Q¡s_ Ap_„v¡$ `p¡sp_u âp¡X$¼i_ L„$`_u iê$ L$fu. _hL¡$s_ b¡_f l¡W$m s¡dZ¡ `l¡gu raëd b_phu Aakf. s¡dp„ rlfp¡B_ lsu ÅZusu Arc_¡Óu-NpreL$p kyf¥ep. v¡$h kyf¥ep_p â¡ddp„ `X$u Nep¡lsp¡. `Z kyf¥ep_u v$pv$udp_¡ A¡ `k„v$ _lp¡sy„. A¡V$g¡ fp¡dpÞk Ðep„ S> AV$L$u Nep¡.

v¡$h A_¡ Nyfy v$Ñ hÃQ¡ _½$u \ey„ lsy„ s¡d v¡$h¡ ¾$pBd r\°gf - qaëd bpTu (1951) dpV¡$ Nyfy v$Ñ_¡ qv$Áv$i®L$ sfuL¡$ gu^p. qaëd_y„ kprlf gyr^ep_hu_y„ Nus sv$buf k¡ rbNX$u lzC sL$v$uf b_p v¡$... v¡$h dpV¡$ b„^b¡ksy„ kprbs \ey„. v¡$h Ap_„v$_u sL$v$uf b_u NC.

Ap v$fçep_ v¡$h¡ \p¡X$p _¡N¡qV$h i¡X$hpmp fp¡g (1952dp„ Åg qaëddp„) `Z L$ep®. s¡dZ¡ Sy>Npfu_p, L$pmpbÅqfep_p, v$pZQp¡f_p A¡hp A¡hp fp¡g `Z L$ep®. 1954_y„ hj® s¡d_p dpV¡$ blz dlÒh_y„ `yfhpf \ey„. A¡ hj®dp„ s¡dZ¡ friep_u dygpL$ps gu^u. s¡d_u fplu A_¡ Ap„r^ep A¡ b¡ qaëdp¡ fpS> L$`|f_u raëd Aphpfp kp\¡ S> Ðep„ fS|> \C.

A¡ S> hj®dp„ s¡d_u V¡$¼ku X²$pBhf qaëd rlV$ \C NC. A¡dp„ v¡$h_u rlfp¡B_ lsu L$ë`_p L$prs®L$. kp\¡ L$pd L$fsp„ L$fsp„ S> b„_¡A¡ Æh_kp\u b_hp_p¡ r_òe L$fu gu^p¡.

L$iu ^dpg hNf b„_¡ `fZu Nep„. 1956dp„ v$uL$fp ky_ug_p¡ S>Þd \ep¡. `Z v¡$h_u qaëdu kaf hZ\„cu Qpgu flu lsu. TX$`\u X$pegp¡Ák bp¡ghp_u A_¡ bp¡gsp„ bp¡gsp„ dp\y„ X$p¡gphhp_u õV$pBg v¡$h_p¡ dpL$p£ b_u NC. A¡ kp\¡ S> s¡d_u dyr_dÆ, kuApBX$u A_¡ `¡HN N¡õV$ qaëdp¡ rlV$ \C NC.

`Z v¡$h_¡ s¡d_p V$uL$pL$pfp¡ fpS> L$`|f A_¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf_u lfp¡m_p L$gpL$pf NZhp fpÆ _lp¡sp.

1958dp„ L$pgp `p_u qaëddp„ ¼gprkL$ A¡[¼V„$N L$fu_¡ v¡$h¡ kp¥_¡ Q|` L$fu v$u^p. s¡ qaëd dpV¡$ s¡d_¡ b¡õV$ A¡¼Vf_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ `Z dþep¡.

s¡ `R>u Aphu ldv$p¡_p¡ (1961). d|R>hpmp k¥r_L$ A_¡ [¼g_ i¡ìX$ eyhp_ - A¡d X$bg fp¡gdp„ v¡$h¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ dp¡lu gu^p.

1965dp„ s¡d_p _p_p cpC rhS>e Ap_„v¡$ NpBX$ qaëd b_phu. s¡dp„ v¡$h¡ fpSy> NpBX$_y„ `pÓ S>¡ fus¡ cS>ìey„ s¡ Å¡C_¡ v¡$h_p V$uL$p L$f_pfp gp¡L$p¡_p„ dp¢ qkhpC Nep„.

s¡ `R>u Äh¡g \ua Aphu. h¥S>e„sudpgp, s_yÅ, A„Sy> dl¡ÞÖz A_¡ l¡g_ S>¡hu M|bk|fs rlfp¡BÞk kp\¡_u Ap qaëd `Z kam \C.

1970dp„ Aph¡gu Älp¡_u d¡fp _pd qaëd v¡$h dpV¡$ V„$L$ipm kprbs \C. A¡ S> hj®dp„ fpS> L$`|f_u d¡fp _pd Å¡L$f qfrgT \C A_¡ kph ãgp¡` NC A_¡ v¡$h_u Älp¡_u d¡fp _pd Np¡ëX$_ Äeyrbgu rlV$ \C NC.

fpS> L$`|f A_¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf_y„ _pd '70_p v$peL$pdp„ Ap¡Ry>„ v¡$Mphp gpÁey„ s¡_u kpd¡ v¡$h¡ lÆ `Z fp¡d¡[ÞV$L$ lufp¡_y„ õ\p_ Åmhu fp¿ey„ lsy„. s¡dZ¡ qX$f¡¼i_ `f lp\ AS>dpìep¡ A_¡ â¡d`|Åfu qaëd b_phu. qaëd ãgp¡` \C `Z s¡ `R>u v¡$h¡ lf¡ fpd lf¡ L©$óZ b_phu A_¡ s¡ Å¡fv$pf rlV$ \C NC.

Tu_s Adp_ fpsp¡fps R>hpC NC.

Tu_s Adp_ `R>u v¡$h V$u_p dy_ud_¡ `Z qaëdp¡dp„ gC Apìep. 1978dp„ v¡$k `fv¡$k qaëddp„ rlfp¡B_ sfuL¡$ V$u_p_¡ b°¡L$ Apàep¡ A_¡ v¡$h_u kv$pblpf rQfeyhp_ õV$pf_u Bd¡S> h^y dS>b|s b_u.

Å¡L¡$ R>¡ëgp b¡ v$peL$p\u kamsp lp\spmu Ap`u flu R>¡ s¡d R>sp„ v¡$h_p¡ Sy>õkp¡ lÆ byg„v$ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ L$l¡ R>¡, "dpfu lh¡ `R>u_u qaëd Å¡Å¡, gh A¡V$ V$pBd õ¼h¡f.'

v¡$h Ap_„v$_u kudprQl¹_ê$` qaëdp¡
hj®	qaëd	rlfp¡B_
1951	bpTu	L$ë`_p L$prs®L$, Nusp bpgu
1954	V¡$¼ku X²$pBhf	L$ë`_p L$prs®L$
1956	kuApBX$u	iqL$gp, hluv$p fl¡dp_
1957	`¡HN N¡õV$	_|s_
1958	L$pgp `p_u	d^ybpgp, _rg_u S>eh„s
1961	ldv$p¡_p¡	kp^_p, _„v$p
1963	s¡f¡ Of L¡$ kpd_¡	_|s_
1965	NpBX$	hluv$p fl¡dp_
1967	Äh¡g \ua	h¥S>e„sudpgp
1970	Älp¡_u d¡fp _pd	l¡dpdprg_u
1972	lf¡ fpd lf¡ L©$óZ	dydspT, Tu_s Adp_
1978	v¡$k `fv¡$k	V$u_p dy_ud

Ap `Z hp„Qp¡
A„v$pT : 50 hj® `l¡gp„_u àg¡V$p¡r_L$ gh-õV$p¡fu

qX$TpB_ : Dv$e Ly$qL$e_