qv$_¡i fpl¡Å

ei Qp¡`fp A_¡ L$f_ Å¡lf S>¡hp rv$Áv$i®L$p¡A¡ qv$g sp¡ `pNg l¥ (iplfyM Mp_-L$qfídp L$`|f) A_¡ Ly$R> L$yR> lp¡sp l¥ (iplfM Mp_-L$pÅ¡g) S>¡hu àg¡V$p¡r_L$ gh `f Ap^pqfs qaëdp¡ sp¡ ldZp„ b_phu, `Z `Qpk¡L$ hj® `l¡gp„ dl¡b|b Mp_¡ Ap rhje `f A„v$pT _pd¡ qaëd b_phhp_y„ kplk L$fu v¡$MpX$éy„ lsy„.

A„v$pT
r_dp®sp	qv$Áv$i®L$	k„NusL$pf	L$gpL$pfp¡
dl¡b|b  Mp_	dl¡b|b  Mp_	_p¥ipv$	_frNk, fpS> L$`|f,  qv$gu` Ly$dpf

A„v$pT s¡_p rhje D`fp„s buÅ A¡L$ L$pfZkf `Z epv$Npf b_u NC. fpS> L$`|f A_¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf-bp¡guh|X$_p b¡ ÅS>fdp_, v„$sL$\p kdp õV$pk® A¡L$kp\¡ `l¡gu A_¡ R>¡ëgu hpf Ap qaëddp„ Å¡hp dþep.

qaëddp„ fpS> A_¡ qv$gu` b„_¡ _frNk_¡ â¡d L$f¡ R>¡. lÆ dp„X$ huk hfk_u, A„N°¡Æ bp¡gsu, `¥kpv$pf bp`_u, dp¡X$_® b¡V$u _usp (_frNk) A_¡ qv$gu` (qv$gu` Ly$dpf) b„_¡ `p½$p v$p¡õs lp¡e R>¡.

ApSy>bpSy> _p¡L$fp¡_u ap¡S> fl¡su lp¡hp R>sp„, d_Ndsp ip¡M `p¡ju iL$su lp¡hp R>sp„ _usp õhÃR>„v$u L¡$ bNX¡$gu R>p¡L$fu _\u. qv$gu` s¡_p dpV¡$ s| L$l¡ ANf Æh_ cf d¦ Nus ky_psp ÅJ S>¡hy„ Nus Npe R>¡ `Z _usp_¡ qv$gu`_p â¡d_u Mbf _\u lp¡su.

_usp qv$gu`_¡ àg¡V$p¡r_L$ rdÓ dp_¡ R>¡. s¡ â¡d sp¡ fpS>¡_ (fpS> L$`|f)_¡ L$f¡ R>¡. fpS> `Z Aduf Of_p¡, õdpV®$ R>p¡L$fp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ _usp_¡ â¡d L$f¡ R>¡. b„_¡_p„ gÁ_ \pe R>¡ A_¡ s¡ fps¡ S> qv$gu` _usp_¡ `p¡sp_p qv$g_u hps L$lu v¡$ R>¡.

qv$gu`_u hps\u _usp lQdQu Åe R>¡. `Z fpS>¡__¡ L$mphp v¡$su _\u.

`Z fpS>¡__¡ i„L$p \hp dp„X¡$ R>¡ L$¡ _usp A_¡ qv$gu` hÃQ¡ L„$CL$ R>¡. L¡$V$guL$ OV$_pAp¡ `Z A¡hu b_¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡_u i„L$p dS>b|s b_¡. A¡L$ kde¡ _usp qv$gu`_¡ Np¡mu dpfhp dS>b|f b_¡ R>¡. s¡_u kpd¡ L¡$k \pe R>¡ `Z fpS>¡_ s¡_u dv$v$ _\u Aphsp¡. Aph¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ blz dp¡Xy„$ \C Ney„ lp¡e R>¡.

cpfs lÆ _hy„ _hy„ ApTpv$ \ey„ lsy„ A_¡ Ðepf¡ Ap qaëd¡ `ròdu k„õL©$rs_u rh_piL$ Akfp¡ L¡$hu lp¡C iL¡$ s¡_y„ ep¡Áe rQÓ D`kpìey„ lsy„ A¡d L$lu iL$pe.

A„v$pT_¡ cpfsdp„ Ap^yr_L$ qaëdp¡dp„_u `Z A¡L$ L$l¡hpe R>¡, S>¡dp„ ^_hp_ gp¡L$p¡_u Æh_i¥gu_y„ âqstbb `pX$hpdp„ Apìey„ lp¡e. A_¡ A¡L$ fus¡ ê$qY$hpv$u qaëd `Z L$lu iL$pe L¡$ ÷u_¡ Å¡ `yfyj rdÓp¡ lp¡e sp¡ s¡_y„ L¡$hy„ cep_L$ `rfZpd Aphu iL¡. `Z qX$f¡¼V$f dl¡b|b Mp_¡ blz KX$pZ\u Ap rhje_u dphS>s L$fu R>¡ A_¡ ÷u_¡ v$p¡ju W$fphu v¡$hp_¡ bv$g¡ s¡_p sfa klp_yc|rs S>Nphhpdp„ s¡Ap¡ kam \ep R>¡.

_frNk, fpS> L$`|f A_¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf S>¡hp qv$ÁNÅ¡_¡ `l¡gu A_¡ R>¡ëgu hpf fS|> L$fsu Ap raëd rhi¡ L$¡V$guL$ hpsp¡ ÅZhp S>¡hu R>¡ :

* fpS> L$`|f_¡ Ap qaëd `R>u `p¡sp_u qaëd k„Nd (1964)dp„ `Z qv$gu` Ly$dpf_¡ g¡hp_u BÃR>p lsu. `Z s¡ hMs¡ b„_¡ Mpõkp gp¡L$râe \C Nep lsp A_¡ õV$pf b_u Nep lsp A¡V$g¡ fpS> L$`|f_u BÃR>p `|fu _ \C iL$u.

* fpS> L$`|f A_¡ _frNk_u Å¡X$u dpV¡$ A„v$pT kp¥\u `l¡gu kam qaëd b_u flu. s¡d_u ANpD_u qaëd ApN_¡ rdî âÐepOps dþep¡ lsp¡. A„v$pT `R>u Ap fp¡d¡[ÞV$L$ Å¡X$uA¡ 14 qaëdp¡ kp\¡ L$fu.

* 1949dp„ fpS> L$`|f A_¡ qv$gu` Lydpf hÃQ¡ õV$pfX$d dpV¡$ suh° lfuapC iê$ \C NC lsu. Ap S> hj®dp„ qv$gu` Ly$dpf_u ib_d qaëd kam \C lsu sp¡ fpS> L$`|f_u qaëd bfkps `Z bp¡¼k Ap¡qak `f Ådu NC lsu.

A„v$pT_p„ epv$Npf Nusp¡
Nus	NpeL$p¡
s| L$l¡ ANf	dyL¡$i
ld ApS> L$l] qv$g Mp¡ b¥W¡	dyL¡$i
T|d T|d L$¡ _pQp¡ ApS>	dyL¡$i
V|$V¡$ _p qv$g V|$V¡$ _p	dyL¡$i
e|„ sp¡ Ap`k d¢	dp¡lçdv$ fau, gsp d„N¡iL$f
X$f_p dp¡låbs L$f g¡	idipv$ b¡Nd, gsp d„N¡iL$f
DW$pe¡ Å D_L¡$ rksd	gsp d„N¡iL$f
sp¡X$ qv$ep qv$g d¡fp	gsp d„N¡iL$f
Ap¡ d¡fu gpX$gu	gsp d„N¡iL$f
L$p¡C d¡f¡ qv$g d¢ Myiu b_L¡$	gsp d„N¡iL$f

* ârkÙ k„NusL$pf _p¥ipv¡$ qv$gu` Ly$dpf_p„ b^p„ Nusp¡ dyL¡$i `pk¡ A_¡ fpS> L$`|f_p„ Nusp¡ dp¡lçdv$ fau `pk¡ NhX$pìep„ lsp„. dyL¡$i `pR>m\u fpS> L`|f_p a¡hqfV$ b_u Nep A_¡ fau qv$gu` Ly$dpf_p„ Nusp¡ dpV¡$ Ar_hpe® b_u Nep.

* A„v$pT_p„ Nusp¡ S>bfv$õs rlV$ \C Nep„ `Z s¡ `R>u gNcN v$k¡L$ hj® ky^u qv$gu` Ly$dpf dpV¡$ dyL¡$i_¡ L$p¡C Nus Nphp dþey„ _lp¡sy„. R>¡L$ 1958dp„ elwv$u A_¡ d^ydsu A¡ b¡ qaëdp¡dp„ dyL¡$i¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf¡ dpV¡$ Npey„.

* A„v$pT¡ gsp d„N¡iL$f_u kamspdp„ dlÒh_p¡ cpN cS>ìep¡ lsp¡. _p¥ipv¡$ A¡ hMs_p„ ApNm `X$sp„ NpreL$p idipv$ b¡Nd `pk¡ A¡L$ S>, X$pÞkf L$y½y$_y„ Nus NhX$pìey„ Äepf¡ rlfp¡B_ dpV¡$_p„ b^p„ Nusp¡ gsp `pk¡ NhX$pìep„.

* _p¥ipv¡$ gsp `pk¡ Qpf Qpf Nusp¡ NhX$pìep„ `Z s¡ dpV¡$ s¡dZ¡ OZu dl¡_s L$fhu `X$u. ifdpm õhcph_p„ gspdp„ ApÐdrhðpk `|ep£. f¡L$p¡qX¯ N hMs¡ s¡dZ¡ gsp_¡ L$üy„ L¡$ dl¡b|b Mp_, fpS> L$`|f A_¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf Al] R>¡ s¡ c|gu Å A_¡ Nusp¡dp„ âpZ `|fu v¡$. gspA¡ _p¥ipv$_¡ kpQp W¡$fìep. f¡L$p¡qX¯N `|fy„ \ey„ `R>u kp¥A¡ Ecp \C_¡ spmuAp¡_p NX$NX$pV$\u gsp_¡ h^phu gu^p„. s¡ `R>u fpS> L$`|f¡ bfkps qaëd_p„ b^p„ Nusp¡ gsp `pk¡ S> NhX$pìep„. gsp_u õhfkpd°pou `v¡$ `lp¢Qhp_u iê$Aps A„v$pT\u \C.

Ap `Z hp„Qp¡
d¡dfu : d¦ b„qv$_u r`ep L$u...

qX$TpB_ : Dv$e Ly$qL$e_