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Tips to Search   AÞe NyS>fpsu kpBV$

L$ÃR>ues_p âpQu_ hpfkp_¡ gyàs \sp¡ bQphhp_u S>ê$f

_f¡i A„spZu, `f¡i S>¡W$u

L$ÃR>_u A[õdsp kdp L$ÃR>_u kd©Ù L$gp-õ\p`Ðe_p hpfkp_u hps L$fuA¡ sp¡ rië`õ\p`Ðe\u âQ|f d„qv$fp¡, d[õS>v$p¡, dl¡gp¡ A_¡ lh¡guAp¡ Al] Aph¡gu R>¡. S>¡dp„ `Õ\f s\p L$pô$ `f L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp Av¹$cys L$kb_p„ v$i®_ \pe R>¡. A_¡ s¡ Üpfp sÐL$pgu_ kdpS>_u fpS>L$ue, kpdprS>L$ A_¡ ^prd®L$ kd©rÙ\u dprlsNpf \hpe R>¡. Nep hj®_p ^fsuL„$`¡ Ap hpfkp_¡e _yL$kp_ sp¡ `lp¢QpX$éy„ S> R>¡.

âpQu_ õ\p`Ðep¡_¡ _yL$kp_

L$ÃR>d çeyrTed, Ape_p dl¡g, âpNdl¡g, fph gM`sÆ_u R>sfX$u, s¡fp_p¡ v$fbpf, ifv$bpN `¡g¡k, `y„Af¡ðf, L¡$fp, L$p¡V$pe A_¡ L„$\L$p¡V$_p v$kdu kv$u_p„ d„qv$fp¡, cyrS>ep¡ qL$ëgp¡, cÖ¡ðf_y„ S>¥_ v¡$fpkf- Aphp„ sp¡ L¡$V$gp„e õ\p`Ðep¡\u L$ÃR>dp„ L$gp_p \e¡gp rhL$pk\u `qfrQs \hpe R>¡. sp¡ v$fbpfNY$dp„ Aph¡gp¡ fpZuhpk, v$pvy$`uf, dyÞÖp_u ipl byMpfu_u d[õS>v$, L¡$fp_u NygpdAgu ipl_u v$fNpl, gM`s_u gM`su (_hL|$bp) d[õS>v$, Op¡j dlçdv$_p¡ L|$bp¡, Ap D`fp„s dyÞÖp, dp„X$hu A_¡ AbX$pkp spgyL$p_p NpdX$p„Ap¡dp„ Äep„ S>¥_ s\p cpqV$ep `qfhpfp¡_u hkrs lsu s¡_p„ S|>_p„ dL$p_p¡ A_¡ lh¡guAp¡dp„ ApS>¡ `Z kd©Ù rië`, õ\p`Ðe\u cf`|f L$gphpfkp¡ r_lpmu iL$pe R>¡. c|rdL„$`_¡ `qfZpd¡ Ap L$gphpfkp_p A[õsÐh `f Å¡Md Ecy„ \ey„ R>¡, Ap õdpfL$p¡ A_¡ õ\p`Ðep¡_¡ ìep`L$\u Ars ìep`L$ âdpZdp„ _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡.

Ap`Zp„ õ\p`Ðep¡_¡ S>¡V$gy„ _yL$kp_ `lp¢Ãey„ R>¡ s¡ Å¡sp„ s¡_p `y_: r_dp®Z dpV¡$ A¡L$ hfk_p¡ kde M|b S> Ap¡R>p¡ L$l¡hpe, s¡_y„ `y_: r_dp®Z M|b S> kde dpNu g¡ s¡hy„ R>¡. `Z hfk v$frdep_ S>¡ L$p„C \hy„ Å¡CA¡ s¡ \ey„ _\u. NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ L$ÃR>_p çeyrTed_u sØ_ D`¡np k¡hu R>¡.

C.k. 1819 A_¡ 1956_p ^fsuL„$` Æfhu Ne¡gp„ õdpfL$p¡ A_¡ õ\p`Ðep¡ dpV¡$ Ap hMs_p¡ ^fsuL„$` dfZsp¡g aV$L$p kdp_ `yfhpf \ep¡ R>¡. Ap`Zp„ âpQu_ õ\p`Ðep¡, v¡$hpgep¡, d„qv$fp¡, d[õS>v$p¡dp„ L¡$V$gp„e A„Ns dprgL$u_p„ R>¡, L¡$V$gp„L$ kfL$pfu rdgL$s_p R>¡. kfL$pfu rdgL$s_p„ õ\p`Ðep¡dp„ `Z L¡$V$gp„L$ L$g¡¼V$f lõsL$_u ÅNuf ipMp lõsL$ R>¡, L¡$V$gp„L$ h¼a bp¡X®$ lõsL$ sp¡ L¡$V$gp„L$ fpÄe_p `yfpsÒh Mpsp„ lõsL$_p„ R>¡, A_¡ L¡$V$gp„L$ hmu L¡$ÞÖ kfL$pf_p `yfpsÒh Mpsp lõsL$ `Z R>¡.

cyS> il¡fdp„ Aph¡gp„ õ\p`Ðep¡ L$ÃR> çeyrTed, Ape_p dl¡g, âpNdl¡g, ifv$bpN `¡g¡k, fph gM`sÆ_u R>sfX$u hN¡f¡_¡ Arscpf¡ _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡. Ap õ\p`Ðep¡_p `y_: r_dp®Z dpV¡$ A¡L$ hj®dp„ S>¡ L$p„C L$pdNufu, âNrs L¡$ cprh rhL$pk_y„ Apep¡S>_ \ey„ s¡_u rhNsp¡ d¡mhsp„ A¡hy„ S>Zpe R>¡ L¡$ blz S> Ap¡Ry>„ L$pd \ey„ R>¡ A\hp sp¡ \ey„ S> _\u. cyS>_p Ap õ\p`Ðep¡_p `y_: r_dp®Zdp„ kpfp¡ A¡hp¡ kde ìesus \i¡.

C.k. 1877dp„ õ\`pe¡gp fpÄe_p kp¥\u S|>_p L$ÃR> k„N°lpge_¡ ^fsuL„$`\u ìep`L$ _yL$kp_u \C R>¡. k„N°lpge_p¡ A¡L$ sfa_p¡ â\d dS>gp¡ k„`|Z® Ýhõs \C Nep¡ R>¡. bpL$u_u bQ¡gu Bdpfs_¡ `Z ìep`L$ âdpZdp„ nrs `lp¢Qu R>¡. ^fsuL„$` `R>u NZsfu_p L$gpL$p¡dp„ k„N°lpge_p¡ ÅN°s L$d®QpfuAp¡ s\p R>¡L$ Åd_Nf\u L$ÃR> k„N°lpge_p¡ lhpgp¡ k„cpmsp ¼eyf¡V$f Æ.S>¡. Wy$„Np k„N°lpge Mps¡ Aphu `lp¢Ãep lsp A_¡ Ýhõs Bdpfsdp„ fl¡gp Ad|ëe k„N°l_p k„fnZ A_¡ S>s_ dpV¡$ spÐL$prgL$ rS>ëgp kÑphpmpAp¡_u dv$v$\u ch__¡ afs¡ L$X$L$ `p¡gukb„v$p¡bõs Np¡W$hu v¡$hp_u L$pe®hplu lp\ ^f¡gu, S>¡_p `qfZpd¡ kv¹$_kub¡ k„N°lpge_p Ad|ëe kp¡_pQp„v$u_p s\p AÞe Agæe _d|_pAp¡ kgpds flu i¼ep R>¡.

NyS>fps kfL$pf_p fdsNds A_¡ eyhL$ k¡hp A_¡ kp„õL©$rsL$ âh©rÑAp¡_p d„Ópge¡ rhðb¡ÞL$_u ê$. A¡L$ L$fp¡X$_u klpe\u L¡$ÞÖ kfL$pf_p Ål¡f kplk _¡i_g L$pD[Þkg Ap¡a rkd¡ÞV$ A¡ÞX$ rb[ëX„$N dV$uqfeëk, _hu qv$ëlu_¡ k„N°lpge ch__p `y_: r_dp®Z dpV¡$ L$pd kp¢`¡gy„ R>¡.

Ape_p dl¡g kpv$ L$f¡ R>¡

C.k. 1750_p Afkpdp„ fph gM`sÆA¡ b„^ph¡gp¡ Ape_p dl¡g L$ÃR> D`fp„s NyS>fps_y„ Np¥fh R>¡. v¡$i-rhv¡$idp„ ¿eprs `pd¡gp Ap fpS>dl¡g_¡ ^fsuL„$`\u M|b S> _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡. D`f_p¡ cpN L$gpAV$pfu s\p v$fbpf lp¡g rbgLy$g Ýhõs \C Nep R>¡. s¡dp„ âv$ri®s L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp _d|_pAp¡_¡ ìep`L$ _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡. _uQ¡_p cpN¡ Ape_p dl¡g R>¡ S>¡dp„ lufp dl¡g, azhpfp dl¡g Aph¡gp R>¡, S>¡dp„ azhpfp dl¡g_p¡ cpN AX$^p¡ Ýhõs \C Nep¡ R>¡, A„v$f âv$ri®s _d|_pAp¡dp„ L$pQ_p ky„v$f _L$iuhpmp _d|_pAp¡ s|V$u `X$ép R>¡. Ape_p dl¡gdp„ âv$ri®s L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp AÞe _d|_pAp¡_¡ kgpds fus¡ AÞeÓ Mk¡X$hpdp„ Apìep R>¡ s¡hy„ Ape_p dl¡g_p V²$õV$u _pfpeZÆcpC ÅX¡$ÅA¡ S>Zpìey„ lsy„.

Ape_p dl¡g_p `y_: r_dp®Z dpV¡$ AÐepf ky^u NyS>fps fpÄe_p `yfpsÒh Mpsp sfa\u dpÓ ê$. `p„Q gpM_y„ A_yv$p_ d„S|>f L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡, S>¡ `¥L$u â\d làsp¡ ê$. b¡ gpM_p¡ dmu Nep¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s lp¡g¡ÞX$_p X$pÞk r\e¡V$f sfa\u ê$. 42,000_y„ v$p_ `Z dþey„ R>¡. âpQu_ hpfkpAp¡_p S>s__y„ L$pe® L$fsu BÞV¡$L$ k„õ\pA¡ Ape_p dl¡g_u dphS>s dpV¡$ fk v$pMìep¡ R>¡. A_¡ s¡_p dpfas rb_kfL$pfu k„õ\p "L¡$f' sfa\u Ape_p dl¡g_¡ ê$. v$k gpM_y„ v$p_ Ap`hp_u Ål¡fps L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡ s¡ A„N¡_u L$pdNufu lpg Qpgy R>¡.

Apd R>sp„ ÅX¡$Å_p S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ Ap dm¡gu A\hp dm_pfu _pZpL$ue klpe M|b S> A`|fsu R>¡. fpô²$ue s\p Ap„sffpô²$ue k„õ\pAp¡ Ape_p dl¡g_p `y_: r_dp®Z dpV¡$ ApNm Aph¡ sp¡ Ap L$pe®dp„ TX$` gphu iL$pe A¡d s¡dZ¡ S>Zpìey„ lsy„. Å¡L¡$ õ`¡__u hp¡gpX$p¡gu eyr_hrk®V$u s¡d S> äp„k kfL$pf¡ aZ Ape_p dl¡g_p `y_: r_dp®Zdp„ KX$p¡ fk v$pMìep¡ R>¡.

L$ÃR>_p c|s`|h® fpS>hu dv$_tklÆ_p kÑphpf r_hpkõ\p_ ifv$bpN_¡ `Z c|L„$`\u _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡. s¡_u dfpds dpV¡$ Apep¡S>_ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aphu füy„ R>¡. NyS>fps fpÄe_p `yfpsÒh Mpsp sfa\u ifv$bpN_¡ klpe dmu R>¡, `f„sy s¡ A`|fsu R>¡.

"_hgMp¡' _hkS>®_ `pdi¡

L$pô$L$gp_p„ ky„v$f õ\p`Ðep¡ ^fphsp cpqV$ep L$p¡d_p A_¡L$ b„NgpAp¡ dy„Öpdp„ Aph¡gp R>¡. Aphp A_¡L$ b„NgpAp¡dp„ ky„v$f L$pô$L$gp_u kp\¡ ky„v$f c]srQÓp¡ `Z R>¡. Aphp A_¡L$ b„NgpAp¡ Mp_Nu dprgL$u ^fphsp lp¡C s¡_u dfpds L$fphu g¡hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap b„NgpAp¡ `¥L$u i¡W$ Apf.X$u. V²$õV$_p k„Qpg_ _uQ¡ âp\rdL$ rinZ spgud ch_ S>¡ ch_dp„ Aph¡gy„ lsy„ s¡ ch_ "_hgMp¡ b„Ngp¡' sfuL¡$ ÅZusp¡ R>¡. Ap ch_dp„ gpL$X$p `f_y„ _L$iuL$pd M|b S> ky„v$f R>¡. kp\¡ kp\¡ Ap b„Ngp_p A¡L$ M„X$dp„ ky„v$f c]srQÓp¡ Aph¡gp„ R>¡. Ap "_hgMp¡ b„Ngp¡'_¡ ^fsuL„$`\u ìep`L$ _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡. s¡_p¡ â\d dS>gp¡ Dspfu g¡hp¡ `X¡$ s¡V$g¡ ky^u nrsN°õs \ep¡ R>¡.

ipl byMpfu_u d[õS>v$

dy„Öpdp„ Aph¡gp AÞe A¡L$ õ\p`Ðe kdyÖ_p il¡_ipl sfuL¡$ ÅZusp lTfsipl byMpfu_u C.k. 1680dp„ b„^pe¡gu d[õS>v$_¡ ^fsuL„$`_u _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡.

kÑfdu kv$u_u d[õS>v$_u Bdpfs L$gpÐdL$ L$p¡sfL$pd ^fph¡ R>¡. d[õS>v$_p `pR>m_p cpN¡ ky„v$f _L$iuhpmu v$uhpg kgpds flu R>¡ A¡ dp¡Vy„$ Apðpk_ R>¡. Å¡L¡$ d[õS>v$_p OyçdV$, rd_pfpAp¡ k„`|Z® Ýhõs \C Nep R>¡.

cÖ¡ðf_¡ 10 L$fp¡X$_y„ _yL$kp_

dy„Öp spgyL$p_p "hklu_p v¡$fp' sfuL¡$ ÅZusp cÖ¡ðf_p S>¥_ v¡$fpkf_¡ ^fsuL„$`\u ìep`L$ _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡.

cÖ¡ðf_p S>¥_ v¡$fpkf_u âpQu_sp A„N¡ dsdsp„sf âhs£ R>¡. Al]\u k„hs 1304_p¡ rigpg¡M dþep¡ R>¡. v„$sL$\p âdpZ¡ s¡ 2500 hj® S|>_y„ R>¡. Ap S>¥_ v¡$fpkf_p¡ kp¥â\d rS>Zp£Ùpf S>NXy$ip v$pspf¡ 13du kv$udp„ L$fpìep_u _p¢^ dm¡ R>¡. su\®_u Ahv$ip Å¡C S>¥_dyr_ îu M„srhS>eÆA¡ L$ÃR>_p fph v¡$imÆ A_¡ âpNdgÆ_u klpe\u s¡_p¡ afu rS>Zp£Ùpf L$fpìep¡ lsp¡. A¡ `R>u L$ÃR>_p A„N°¡Å¡_p fpS>L$ue ârsr_r^ L¡$àV$_ d¡L$dX$p£A¡ `Z C.k. 1816dp„ s¡_p rS>Zp£Ùpfdp„ dv$v$ L$fu lsu s¡\u v¡$fpkf_p„ âh¡iÜpf eyfp¡`uA_ i¥gu_p„ b_¡gp„ lsp„.

cÖ¡ðf_p S>¥_ v¡$fpkf_p âh¡iÜpf_u L$dp_p¡ k„`|Z® Ýhõs \C NC R>¡. v¡$fpkf_u D`f_p `ròd, `|h® A_¡ v$rnZ sfa_p„ ^hg riMfp¡ _pi `pçep„ R>¡.

A„v$pS>¡ 2,500\u 3,000 Arsr\Ap¡_¡ Aphpk_u kNhX$ `|fu `pX$sp 175 M„X$p¡hpmp Arsr\N©l_p Ap M„X$p¡ `¥L$u 150 k„`|Z® fus¡ Ýhõs \C Nep R>¡. lpg¡ dpÓ 25 M„X$p¡ Üpfp S> L$pd Qgphpe R>¡. cp¡S>_ipmp_¡ `Z ìep`L$ âdpZdp„ _yL$kp_u \C R>¡. lpg¡ L$pdQgpD cp¡S>_ipmp b_phhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

cÖ¡ðf S>¥_ v¡$fpkf_p `y_: r_dp®Z A_¡ rS>Zp£Ùpf A„N¡ rhNsp¡ Ap`sp„ v¡$fpkf_p ìehõ\p`L$ h_¡Q„v$cpC ipl_p S>Zpìep dyS>b ^fsuL„$`\u d„qv$f_¡ A„v$pS>¡ ê$. 10 L$fp¡X$_y„ _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡.

^fsuL„$` `R>u A¡L$ hj®_p Npmpdp„ Ýhõs \e¡gp„ riMfp¡, Arsr\N©l_p¡ N„Åhf L$pV$dpm v|$f L$fu s¡dp„\u D`ep¡Nu lp¡e s¡hy„ fQugy„, AM„X$ rië`p¡ hN¡f¡ AgN spfhu fpMhp_u L$pdNufu kp\¡ kp\¡ v¡$fpkf_u ârsdpAp¡ s\p d|m_peL$ dlphuf õhpdu_u ârsdp_¡ kgpds fus¡ Mk¡X$u gp¡L$p¡_p v$i®_p\£ sÐL$pm l„Npdu õ\p`_ L$fhp_u L$pdNufu_¡ âp\rdL$sp Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

(h^y Aphsu L$pg¡)

hfku_p Ahkf¡ L$ÃR> : h^y Al¡hpgp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?