qfqX$a k„hpv$v$psp

frhhpf¡ Adv$phpv$dp„ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_u kp\¡ L¡$qb_¡V$ A_¡ fpÄeL$np_p Ly$g 15 â^p_p¡A¡ lp¡Øp¡ A_¡ Nyàssp_p kp¡N„v$ gu^p lsp. S>¡ 15 â^p_p¡A¡ kp¡N„v$ gu^p s¡dp„ hSy>cpC hpmp, Aip¡L$ cË$, _fp¡Ñd `V¡$g Ap_„v$ubl¡_ `V¡$g, cy`¡ÞÖtkl Q|X$pkdp, L$p¥riL$ `V¡$g, ApB. L¡$. ÅX¡$Å, fdZ hp¡fp, d„NycpC `V¡$g, bphLycpC DOpX$, qv$gu` W$pL$p¡f A_¡ âcpstkl Qp¥lpZ `l¡gp„ `Z â^p_ flu Q|¼ep„ R>¡ Äepf¡ Aqds ipl, kp¥fc `V¡$g, Ar_g `V¡$g `l¡gu S> hMs â^p_ bÞep R>¡. dp¡v$u kfL$pf_p ApV$gp â^p_p¡ rhi¡ \p¡Xy„$ _ÆL$\u ÅZhp_y„ fkâv$ fl¡i¡ :

hSy>cpC hpmp : fpS>L$p¡V$-2 rh^p_kcp b¡W$L$ `f afu Q|„V$pC Aph¡gp hSy>cpC hpmp_p¡ S>Þd 18 a¡b°yApfu, 1938_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ bu.L$p¡d. A¡gA¡gbu ky^u cÎep R>¡. 1938\u 1988 ky^u s¡Ap¡ fpS>L$p¡V$_p d¡ef lsp. fpS>L$p¡V$dp„ A_¡L$ k„õ\pAp¡ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp R>¡. NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ s¡Ap¡ il¡fu rhL$pk, _pZp„, dl¡k|g S>¡hp„ dlÒh_p„ Mpsp„ k„cpmu Q|¼ep R>¡. s¡d_¡ b¡ v$uL$fp A_¡ b¡ v$uL$fu R>¡.

Aip¡L$ cË$ : MpqX$ep rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u Aip¡L$ cË$ kss 7du hMs Q|„V$pC Apìep R>¡. s¡d_p¡ S>Þd 28 ÅÞeyApfu 1939dp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ A¡kA¡kku ky^u cÎep R>¡. Adv$phpv$dp„ L¡$V$gue k„õ\pAp¡ kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ k„L$mpe¡gp R>¡. NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ s¡Ap¡ Apfp¡Áe, `qfhpfL$ëepZ, dl¡k|g, S>¡g A_¡ îd dÓpge k„cpmu Q|¼ep R>¡. HÁg¡ÞX$ Mps¡ ep¡Åe¡gp 33dp L$p¡d_h¡ë\ `pgp®d¡ÞV$fu k¡qd_pfdp„ s¡dZ¡ cpfs_y„ ârsr_r^Ðh L$ey¯ lsy„. âhpk_p s¡Ap¡ cpf¡ ip¡Mu_ R>¡. s¡d_¡ ÓZ v$uL$fp A_¡ A¡L$ v$uL$fu R>¡.

_fp¡Ñd `V¡$g : kyfs rS>ëgp_p Qp¡ep®ku rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u kss ÓuÆ hMs Q|„V$pC Aph¡gp _fp¡ÑdcpC_p¡ S>Þd 11 Sy>gpC, 1936_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ bu. B. qkqhg ky^u_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. c|sL$pmdp„ s¡dZ¡ dpN® A_¡ hpl_ìehlpf, Apep¡S>_, `pZu`yfhW$p S>¡hp dlÒh_p rhcpNp¡ k„cpþep R>¡. s¡d_¡ A¡L$ v$uL$fp¡ A_¡ b¡ v$uL$fu R>¡.

Ap_„v$ubl¡_ `V¡$g : `pV$Z rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pC Aph¡gp„ Ap_„v$ubl¡_ `V¡$g_p¡ S>Þd 21 _h¡çbf, 1941_p fp¡S> dl¡kpZp rS>ëgp_p rhÅ`yf spgyL$p_p Mfp¡X$ Npd¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ A¡d.A¡kku. A_¡ A¡d.A¡X$. ky^u_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ qinL$ sfuL¡$ L$pd L$fu Q|¼ep„ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ drlgp A_¡ rinZ Mpsy„ k„cpþey„ lsy„. s¡d_p `qfhpfdp„ s¡d_p `rs dascpC `V¡$g, A¡L$ v$uL$fp¡ A_¡ A¡L$ v$uL$fu R>¡.

c|`¡ÞÖtkl Q|X$pkdp : ^p¡mL$p rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pe¡gp c|`¡ÞÖtkl Q|X$pkdp_p¡ S>Þd 8 d¡, 1950_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ rinZ A_¡ hL$ugps_p ìehkpe kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gp R>¡. s¡d_p `qfhpfdp„ A¡L$ v$uL$fp¡ A_¡ b¡ v$uL$fu R>¡. s¡dZ¡ bu.A¡., bu.A¡X$. A_¡ A¡g.A¡g.bu. ky^u_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ s¡Ap¡ L©$qj A_¡ N°pdrhL$pk Mpsp_p â^p_ flu Q|¼ep R>¡. s¡Ap¡ cpS>`_p k„NW$_dp„ M|b dp¡V$p lp¡Øp k„cpmu Q|¼ep R>¡. Adv$phpv$ cpS>`_p s¡Ap¡ âdyM lsp A_¡ NyS>fps cpS>`_p d„Óu `Z flu Q|¼ep R>¡.

L$p¥qiL$ `V¡$g : Adv$phpv$ il¡f_p ipl`yf rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pe¡gp L$p¥qiL$ `V¡$g_p¡ S>Þd 27 kàV¡$çbf, 1954_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ bu.L$p¡d. ky^u Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. s¡d_p¡ dy¿e ìehkpe h¡`pf R>¡. Adv$phpv$dp„ s¡Ap¡ OZu k„õ\p kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp R>¡. s¡d_p `qfhpfdp„ `Ð_u du_pbl¡_, A¡L$ v$uL$fp¡ A_¡ A¡L$ v$uL$fu R>¡.

ApB. L¡$. ÅX¡$Å : ^°p„N^°p dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pe¡gp BÞÖrhS>etkl ÅX¡$Å_p¡ S>Þd 17 _h¡çbf, 1958_p fp¡S> ^°p„N^°p spgyL$p_p hufpqZep Npd¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ bu.A¡kA¡ku. A_¡ A¡g.A¡g.bu. ky^u Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. s¡d_p¡ dy¿e ìehkpe M¡su R>¡. 1978\u s¡Ap¡ Ål¡fÆh_dp„ âh¡íep R>¡. c|sL$pmdp„ s¡dZ¡ NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ il¡f rhL$pk â^p_ sfuL¡$ S>hpbv$pfu k„cpmu lsu.

fdZ hp¡fp : kpbfL$p„W$p rS>ëgp_p BX$f dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pe¡gp fdZ hp¡fp_p¡ S>Þd 26 kàV¡$çbf, 1952_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ bu.A¡. A¡g.A¡g.bu. ky^u_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. cpS>`_p rhrh^ lp¡Øp `f s¡Ap¡ L$pd L$fu Q|¼ep R>¡. 1998dp„ Q|„V$pep bpv$ s¡dZ¡ NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ rhrh^ L$pdNufu k„cpmu lsu. s¡Ap¡ kpbfL$p„W$p rS>ëgp_p âcpfu `Z flu Q|¼ep R>¡.

d„NycpC `V¡$g : _hkpfu dsrhõspfdp„\u kss Qp¡\u hMs Q|„V$pe¡gp d„NycpC `V¡$g_p¡ S>Þd `l¡gu S|>_, 1944_p fp¡S> _hkpfu Mps¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ 9 ^p¡fZ ky^u_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. ìehkpe¡ s¡Ap¡ kdpS>k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. c|sL$pmdp„ s¡dZ¡ NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ A_¡L$ dlÒh_u c|qdL$p cS>hu lsu. s¡d_p Ly$Vy„$bdp„ `Ð_u A_¡ ÓZ `yÓuAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡.

Aqds ipl : kfM¡S> rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pe¡gp Aqds ipl_p¡ S>Þd 22 Ap¡¼V$p¡bf, 1964_p fp¡S> dy„bCdp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ bu.A¡kku. ky^u_y„ rinZ d¡mìey„ R>¡. `uhuku `pB`_y„ DÐ`pv$_ L$fhp_p¡ s¡d_p¡ dy¿e ìehkpe R>¡. Ap `l¡gp„ `Z s¡Ap¡ b¡ hMs Q|„V$pC Apìep lsp. s¡dZ¡ eyhp cpS>` A_¡ Adv$phpv$ cpS>`dp„ dlÒh_p lp¡ØpAp¡ cp¡Nìep lsp. s¡d_p `qfhpfdp„ `Ð_u kp¡_g A_¡ A¡L$ `yÓ_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡.

kp¥fc v$gpg : bp¡V$pv$ rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pe¡gp kp¥fc v$gpg_p¡ S>Þd 28 Ap¡NõV$, 1958_p fp¡S> Adv$phpv$dp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ A¡d.bu.A¡. ky^u Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ fdsNds_p¡ M|b ip¡M ^fph¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ A_¡L$ v¡$i_p¡ âhpk `Z L$fu Q|¼ep R>¡. s¡d_p `qfhpfdp„ `Ð_u Bgpbl¡_ A_¡ A¡L$ `yÓ_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡.

qv$gu` W$pL$p¡f : i„L$ftkl hpO¡gp_p `yÓ dl¡ÞÖtkl hpO¡gp_¡ kdulpqfS> b¡W$L$ `f lfph_pf qv$gu` W$pL$p¡f_p¡ S>Þd 1 S|>_, 1959_p fp¡S> `pV$Z Mps¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ A¡k.A¡k.ku. ky^u_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. s¡d_p¡ dy¿e ìehkpe M¡su R>¡. s¡d_p Ly$Vy„$bdp„ `Ð_u S>d_p D`fp„s A¡L$ `yÓ A_¡ ÓZ `yÓu R>¡.

bphLy$ DOpX$ : bpbfp rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pe¡gp bphLy$ DOpX$_p¡ S>Þd 10du d¡, 1958_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ bu.A¡. ky^u Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. ìehkpe¡ s¡Ap¡ M¡X|$s R>¡. NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ s¡dZ¡ dlÒh_p lp¡Øp k„cpþep lsp. s¡d_p Ly$Vy„$bdp„ `Ð_u krhsp D`fp„s b¡ `yÓp¡ A_¡ b¡ `yÓu R>¡.

Aq_g `V¡$g : dl¡kpZp rh^p_kcp\u Q|„V$pe¡gp Aq_g `V¡$g_p¡ S>Þd dl¡kpZp _ÆL$ gZhp Npd¡ M¡X|$s ApN¡hp_ rÓcyh_v$pk `V¡$g_¡ Ðep„ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ rhÛp_Nf\u A¡[ÞS>r_eqf„N `pk L$ey¯ lsy„. Ðepf bpv$ Ad¡qfL$p S>C_¡ A¡[ÞS>r_eqf„Ndp„ dpõV$f qX$N°u d¡mhu lsu. s¡d_p¡ M|b dp¡V$p¡ DÛp¡N `Z R>¡.

âcpstkl Qp¥lpZ : L$pgp¡g rh^p_kcp dsrhõspfdp„\u Q|„V$pC Aph¡gp âcpstkl Qp¥lpZ_p¡ S>Þd 18 A¡râg, 1942_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ kss Qpf V$d®\u `„Qdlpg rS>ëgp_u L$pgp¡g b¡W$L$ `f\u Q|„V$pC Aph¡ R>¡. Ap `l¡gp„ NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ s¡dZ¡ rhrh^ d„Ópgep¡ k„cpþep„ lsp„.

ANpD_p Al¡hpgp¡
15 â^p_p¡_¡ Mpsp„_u apmhZu \C NC
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ApS>¡ dp¡v$u kp\¡ buÅ 15 â^p_p¡ i`\ g¡i¡
dp¡v$u_p kp¡N„v$rhr^ kdpf„cdp„ A¡L$\u v$p¡Y$ gpM gp¡L$p¡ Aphi¡
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u `p„Q hj® `|fp„ L$fu iL$i¡?
NyS>fps_p dy¿e â^p_p¡A¡ kp¡N„v$ ¼ep„ gu^p lsp?
NyS>fps rh^p_kcp_u Q|„V$Zu, 2002 : rhS>¡spAp¡_u epv$u