_hu_ Å¡ju, fp`f

L$ÃR>dp„ A_yk|rQs Års, bnu `„Q A_¡ Apqv$hpku dsv$pfp¡_u kp¥\u h^y k„¿ep ^fphsu rh^p_kcp_u fp`f b¡W$L$ `f 11du rh^p_kcp_p ârsr_^Ðh_¡ gC_¡ MfpMfu_p¡ S>„N Åçep¡ R>¡.

Al] rhkrS>®s rh^p_kcp_p AÝen ^ufycpC ê$`Q„v$ ipl_u V$½$f L$p¢N°¡k_p âv¡$i âdyM i„L$ftkl hpO¡gp_p S>dZp lp\ d_psp c|s`|h® _pZpd„Óu bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl kpd¡ R>¡.

Atlkp_p `|Åfu d_psp b¡ Dd¡v$hpfp¡ hÃQ¡_u NmpL$p` õ`^p®dp„ A¡L$ A`n Dd¡v$hpf `|„ÅcpC O¡gp `V¡$g (Qp¥^fu) dlÒh_p¡ cpN cS>hu füp R>¡. s¡d_¡ L$ÃR> L$p¢N°¡k_p A¡L$ kde_p qv$ÁNS> A_¡ hpNX$dp„ ApS>¡ `Z dp¡Vy„$ dp\y„ NZpsp c|s`|h® k„kv$kæe lqfgpg _p_Æ `V¡$g_y„ `X$v$p `pR>m\u kd\®_ dm¡gy„ R>¡.

L$ÃR>dp„ cpf¡ fkâv$ b_¡gu fp`f b¡W$L$_u spkuf Å¡sp„ dsv$pfp¡ Arirns A_¡ Apqv$hpku S>ê$f S>Zpe, `f„sy lh¡ s¡Ap¡ cpf¡ ipZp \C Nep R>¡ A_¡ d_ L$mphp v¡$sp _\u. A¡V$gy„ S>ê$f L$lu iL$pe L¡$ Ap rhõspfdp„ 1957\u lqfgpg _p_Æ `V¡$g dp¡Vy„$ dp\y„ NZpe R>¡ A_¡ lpfÆsdp„ dlÒh_p¡ cpN `Z s¡Ap¡ S> cS>h¡ R>¡. Ap hMs¡ qV$qL$V$ dpV¡$ qv$ëlu ky^u v$ph AS>dphu Q|L¡$gp lqfcpCA¡ A„s¡ dp¥_ ^pfZ L$fu gu^y„ R>¡. `Z s¡d_p âp¡çàV$]N l¡W$m `|„ÅcpC Qp¥^fu ^X$p^X$ bp¡gu füp lp¡hp\u rQÓ õ`ô$ cpk¡ R>¡ L¡$ b¡ S>¥_p¡ hÃQ¡ `l¡gp-buÅ _„bf_u gX$pC R>¡. ÓuÅ ¾$d¡ sp¡ A`n R>¡ S> R>¡.

fp`f spgyL$p_p„ 114 A_¡ cQpD spgyL$p_p„ 40 dmu 154 Npdp¡_p b_¡gp fp`f dsrhõspf¡ 1957\u 1998 ky^u_u Q|„V$ZuAp¡dp„ `p„Q hMs L$p¢N°¡k_¡ s\p Qpf hMs cpS>`_¡ rhS>e A`pìep¡ R>¡. b¡ hMs õhs„Ó `n_p Dd¡v$hpfp¡ rhS>eu \ep lsp.

Al] Ap hMs¡ 1,69,200 dsv$pfp¡ R>¡ S>¡dp„ 87,064 `yfyjp¡ A_¡ 82,136 drlgpAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. 1998_u Q|„V$Zu hMs¡ Ap dsn¡Ódp„ 1,34,462 dsv$pfp¡ lsp. b¡ hphpTp¡X$p„ (1998 A_¡ 99), b¡ vy$L$pm A_¡ A¡L$ rh_piL$ c|L„$` bpv$ Ap dsn¡Ódp„ 25 V$L$p\u h^y dsv$pfp¡_p¡ h^pfp¡ \ep¡ R>¡.

L$p¡C_¡ _X$hy„ _l] A_¡ L$p¡C _X¡$ sp¡ s¡_¡ R>p¡X$hp¡ _l] A¡ rkÙp„s `f Qpgsp hpNX$_p dsv$pfp¡dp„ sX$ A_¡ aX$ L$fu v¡$hp_u Apv$s R>¡. hpshpsdp„ A¡L$pv$ Npm_p¡ kl¡S>¡ âep¡N L$fu g¡su Ap âÅdp„ rinZ_u EZ` R>¡, `Z L$p¡W$pk|T_p¡ c„X$pf cep£ `X$ép¡ R>¡. Al] v$f Q|„V$Zudp„ oprshpf kduL$fZp¡ fQpe R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p Ap^pf¡ S> Dd¡v$hpfp¡_p lpf-Æs_p cph kË$pbÅfdp„ _½$u \pe R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L¡$ ApM¡ApMp hpNX$_¡ dy„bC kp\¡ h¡`pf^„^p_p¡ ku^p¡ A_¡ ^uL$sp¡ k„b„^ R>¡ A_¡ s¡\u S> cpS>`-L$p¢N°¡k A_¡ A`n_¡ Q|„V$Zua„X$ dy„bC[õ\s L$ÃR>u hpNqX$epAp¡A¡ S> `|fy„ `pX$éy„ R>¡ A_¡ hjp£\u `pX$sp Apìep R>¡.

b„_¡ dy¿e fpS>L$ue `np¡A¡ L$pY¡$gp spfZ dyS>b fp`fn¡Ódp„ 22,000 `V¡$g (g¡Dhp-L$X$hp-Ap„S>Zp), 12,100 Apluf, dy[õgd 9,900, fbpfu 9,900, nrÓe 16,500, cug, L$p¡mu, `pfr^ 25,300, S>¥_ 11,000, A_yk|rQs Års-v$rgs 16,500 s\p AÞe 45,035 R>¡. Al] kdN° rhõspfdp„ duW$p_p ANf rkhpe L$p¡C DÛp¡N _\u.

v¡$i A_¡ vy$r_ep_¡ lX$à`_ k„õL©$rs_p„ 5,000 hj®`yfpZp Brslpk\u hpL¡$a L$fphsp ^p¡mphufp_p¡ kdph¡i `Z fp`f b¡W$L$dp„ R>¡. Ap âhpk_n¡Ó¡ s¡Æ_p¡ rhõap¡V$ L$f¡ s¡hp õ\m¡ c|L„$` bpv$ V¡$rgap¡__p¡ âh¡i \ep¡ R>¡. L¡$ÞÖue d„Óu âdp¡v$ dlpS>__u k„õ\pA¡ ^p¡mphufp_¡ v$ÑL$ gu^p bpv$ Ap v|$fk„v¡$ipìehlpf_u k¡hp iê$ \C R>¡. Apd `R>ps`ZpA¡ Al] lv$ hV$phu v$u^u R>¡.

rh^p_kcp_p AÝen ^ufycpC ipl¡ L$ÃR>dp„ âQpfn¡Ó¡ lpBV¡$L$ ¾$p„rs L$fu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ hpNX$_p `R>ps rhõspfp¡dp„ "âQpff\'_p dpÝed\u dp¡V$p õ¾$u_ `f `p¡sp_p„ rhL$pkL$pep£_u qaëdp¡ bsph¡ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ L$p¡ç`¡¼V$$ qX$õL A_¡ Ap¡qX$ep¡rhqX$ep¡ L¡$k¡V$ `Z s¥epf L$fphu R>¡. (fp`f rhõspfdp„ lÆ ky^u ¼ep„e a¡¼k L$fhp_u kyrh^p _\u. kpBbf L$pa¡\u gp¡L$p¡ AÅZ R>¡.)

qfqX$a.L$p¡d kp\¡ hps L$fsp„ cpS>`_p Dd¡v$hpf ^ufycpC ipl¡ hus¡gp ipk_L$pmdp„ L$f¡gp„ L$pep£_u TgL$ Ap`sp„ L$üy„ L¡$ s¡Ap¡ `p¡sp_p dsn¡Ó_¡ AÛs_ V¡$¼_p¡gp¡Æ_p eyNdp„ gC S>hp BÃR>¡ R>¡. rh^p_kcpdp„ qL$Ap¡õL$_u k¡hp_p¡ âpf„c L$fph_pfp Np„^u^pd_p A¡X¹$hp¡L¡$V$ ^ufycpC_¡ rhïhpk R>¡ L¡$ Å¡ `p¡s¡ Q|„V$pi¡ sp¡ fp`f_p¡ khp¯Nu rhL$pk L$fi¡. hus¡gp„ 5 hj® v$frdep_ fp`f spgyL$pdp„\u Ny„X$pNufu _pb|v$ L$fhp_p¡ v$php¡ L$fsp ipl¡ L$üy„ L¡$, "dpfy„ L$pd S> d_¡ rhS>e A`phi¡. dsv$pfp¡ kp\¡ v$f kàspl¡ ku^p¡ k„`L®$, L$Þep-Ly$dpf R>pÓpgep¡_¡ A_yv$p_, `pZu_u kdõep DL¡$ghp Npd¡Npd Qpgsy„ _d®v$p ep¡S>_p_u `pB`gpB__y„ L$pd s\p kfv$pf kfp¡hf klcpNu S>mìehõ\p ep¡S>_pdp„ 60:40 ^p¡fZ¡ \e¡gp S>mk„N°l_p„ L$pdp¡ D`fp„s c|L„$` bpv$_u L$pdNufu d_¡ Qp¡½$k rhS>eu b_phi¡.

L$ÃR>cfdp„ Q|„V$pe¡gp ârsr_r^Ap¡ kpd¡ Apn¡` R>¡ L¡$ c|L„$` bpv$ L$p¡CA¡ (ipkL$-rh`n b„_¡) âÅ_¡ L$v$u `|R¹>ey„ `Z _\u. `Z fp`f s¡dp„ A`hpv$ NZu iL$pe. rh^p_kcpdp„ c|L„$`-vy$L$pm `f_u QQp®dp„ 21du dpQ®, 2001_p,$ rhfp¡^ `n_p _¡sp Adftkl Qp¥^fuA¡ ^ufycpC_u kfpl_p L$fu lsu A_¡ c|L„$` bpv$ kss b¡ dpk fp`fdp„ flu_¡ L$f¡gp„ L$pep£ rbfv$pìep„ lsp„.

Ap b¡W$L$_p L$p¢N°¡k_p v$ph¡v$pf c|s`|h® _pZpd„Óu bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl R>¡, S>¡Ap¡ L$ÃR> S> _l], kdN° NyS>fpsdp„ kpgk õhcph_p `fNSy> fpS>L$pfZu sfuL¡$_u R>p` ^fph¡ R>¡. i„L$ftkl hpO¡gp kp\¡ cpS>` R>p¡X$u fpS>`pdp„ Ne¡gp A_¡ Ðepf bpv$ L$p¢N°¡kdp„ Aph¡gp bpbycpC ipl_p„ `yÓu ÅN©rsbl¡_ cpS>`_p V¡$L$phpmu L$ÃR> rS>ëgp `„Qpes_p„ AÝen R>¡. L$p¢N°¡k `n¡ s¡ hMs¡ Ap V¡$L$p¡ g¡hp bv$g bp`-v$uL$fu_¡ L$p¢N°¡kdp„\u bfsfa L$ep¯ lsp„. `Z A¡ afu b„_¡ dps©N©l¡ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ L$p¢N°¡kdp„ Aphu Nep„ R>¡.

bpbycpC ipl¡ Apn¡` L$fsp„ S>Zpìey„ L¡$ cpS>` kfL$pf_p ipk_ v$frdep_ hpNX$ rhõspfdp„ N¡ffurs-c°ô$pQpf¡ dpTp d|L$u R>¡. 60:40hpmu S>mep¡S>_pdp„ sp¡ c°ô$pQpf_p¡ cX$L$p¡ \ep¡ A_¡ A¡L$kpdV$p 20\u h^y tkQpCMpsp_p L$d®QpfuAp¡, L$pe®`pgL$ BS>_¡f kõ`¡ÞX$ \ep. hpNX$dp„ L$fp¡X$p¡ ê$r`ep_y„ QyL$hÏ„ AV$L$phu v¡$hpey„. Ap v¡$_ cpS>`_u R>¡ A_¡ lh¡ _pfpS> dsv$pfp¡ cpS>`_¡ sfR>p¡X$u L$p¢N°¡k_¡ kd\®_ Ap`i¡ s¡hu s¡d_¡ Apip R>¡.

qfqX$a.L$p¡d kp\¡_u hpsQusdp„ bpbycpC ipl¡ cpS>` kfL$pf `f "Ly$ipk_'_p¡ Apn¡` L$fu c|L„$` bpv$ dL$p_klpe, kpdN°urhsfZdp„ _pNqfL$p¡_¡ AÞepe L$fpep¡, huS>mu dmsu _\u, `pL$ kyL$pe R>¡, ApMp L$ÃR>dp„ AR>s Ål¡f \C `Z fp`f_¡ bpL$u fMpey„, c|L„$` bpv$_p h¡`pfu `¡L¡$S>dp„ ^pfpkæe (^ufycpC)_p dmrsepAp¡A¡ gpMp¡ ê$r`ep_u N¡ffurs L$fu, L$p¡C_p _pd¡ gp¡_ d„S|>f L$fphu buÅ L$p¡C_¡ Ap`u_¡ L$rdi_ gC Nep A¡hp Apn¡`p¡ `Z L$ep¯. s¡dZ¡ L$üy„ L¡$ Ap b^y„ lh¡ cpf¡ `X$i¡. cpS>` Üpfp Qgphpsp¡ Q|„V$ZuâQpf `Z M|b MQp®m R>¡. A_¡ Ap _pZp„ Apìep„ ¼ep„\u s¡_u s`pk_u dpN `Z bpbycpC ipl L$fu füp R>¡.

Ap b„_¡ qv$ÁNS> Dd¡v$hpfp¡_¡ l„aph_pfp A`n Dd¡v$hpf `|„ÅcpC Qp¥^fu `Z M¡X|$sp¡_p âï_¡ Q|„V$Zu gX$u füp R>¡. cpS>` A_¡ L$p¢N°¡k¡ `V¡$g oprs_¡ qV$qL$V$ _ Ap`u_¡ L$f¡gu AhNZ_p v|$f L$fhp A_¡ `p¡sp_u ndsp v$ip®hhp ApMp kdpS>¡ `|„ÅcpC_¡ Ecp fp¿ep lp¡e s¡hu R>p` `Z E`ku flu R>¡.

fp`f b¡W$L$ dpV¡$ Ap ÓZ dlÒh_p Dd¡v$hpfp¡ D`fp„s b¡ h^y A`n `Z gX$u füp R>¡, `Z s¡d_u NZ_p L¡$dp„e \su _\u.

Q|„V$Zu_¡ `Ng¡ ApMy„ hpNX$ dy„bCNfpAp¡\u ^d^du füy„ R>¡. `|„ÅcpC Qp¥^fu_p âQpf dpV¡$ `p¡sp_u NpX$u-_pZp„ kp\¡ b¡ lÅf\u h^y L$pe®L$fp¡ dy„bC\u Apìep R>¡. cpS>` A_¡ L$p¢N°¡k dpV¡$ `Z dy„bC_p "`p¡i rhõspf'_p ÅZusp-NpS>sp ip¡ê$d_p dprgL$ L$ÃR>u î¡óW$uAp¡A¡ _pZp„_u `¡V$uAp¡ R|>V$u d|L$u v$u^u R>¡. ÓZ¡e õ\m¡ Dd¡v$hpfu`Óp¡ cfpep„ Ðepf\u fkp¡X$p„ M|gu Nep„ R>¡. L$pe®L$fp¡ `Z d_Ndsu hp_NuAp¡_u Äepas DX$phu füp R>¡.

Ap dsn¡Ódp„ cpS>` hsu dy¿ed„Óu _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u, c|s`|h® dy¿ed„Óu L¡$iycpC `V¡$g, DÛp¡Nd„Óu kyf¡iQ„Ö dl¡sp, dy„bC dlp_Nf`prgL$p_p L$ÃR>u D`-d¡ef bpbycpC chp_Æ, DÛp¡N`rs ^_Æ O¡gp dp„X$Z, fhÆcpC Apqv$ âQpfkcpAp¡ k„bp¡^u Nep R>¡ sp¡ L$p¢N°¡k dpV¡$ i„L$ftkl hpO¡gp, dlpfpô²$_p dy¿ed„Óu rhgpkfph v¡$idyM Apqv$ kcpAp¡ NÅhu Nep R>¡. `|„ÅcpC_¡ rS>spX$hp_u S>hpbv$pfu ârkÙ L$\pL$pf dp¡fpqfbp`y_u k„õ\p kuspfpd `qfhpf_p dp¡hX$u rhÌ$gv$pv$pA¡ DW$phu R>¡.

fp`f b¡W$L$_y„ Q|„V$Zu kfh¥ey„ kdN° fp`f spgyL$p D`fp„s cQpD spgyL$p_p„ 40 Npdp¡_y„ ârsr_r^Ðh L$fsu fp`f b¡W$L$ dpV¡$ AÐepf ky^u M¡gpe¡gp Q|„V$ZuS>„N_p„ `qfZpd _uQ¡ dyS>b R>¡. 1957 dy„bC rh^p_kcp Q|„V$Zu, cyS>
Dd¡v$hpf_y„ _pd	`n	ds
rÓgp¡Q_pbl¡_ ^p¡mqL$ep	L$p¢N°¡k	17,226
Åv$hÆ fpOhÆ dp¡frbep	A`n	4,149
1962 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
Åv$hÆ fpOhÆ dp¡frbep	õhs„Ó `n	19,619
lqfgpg _p_Æ `V¡$g	L$p¢N°¡k	13,418
1967 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
c|`¡ÞÖtkl ÅX¡$Å	õhs„Ó `n	15,060
lqfgpg _p_Æ `V¡$g	L$p¢N°¡k	13,275
1972 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
â¡dQ„v$ dp¡frbep	L$p¢N°¡k	13,704
bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl	A`n	12,151
1975 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
lqfgpg _p_Æ `V¡$g	L$p¢N°¡k	24,751
bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl	S>_sp dp¡fQp¡	24,368
1980 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl	cpS>`	30,619
lqfgpg _p_Æ `V¡$g	L$p¢N°¡k	21,951
1985 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
lqfgpg _p_Æ `V¡$g	L$p¢N°¡k	35,048
bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl	cpS>`	26,324
1990 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
lqfgpg _p_Æ `V¡$g	L$p¢N°¡k	33,984
d¡fycp ÅX¡$Å	cpS>`	25,721
1993 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl	cpS>`	35,101
R>N_gpg AfS>Z W$½$f	L$p¢N°¡k	29,850
1995 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl	cpS>`	37,826
fs_iu cudÆ kphgp	L$p¢N°¡k	35,229
1998 NyS>fps rh^p_kcp
^ufycpC õhê$`Q„v$ ipl	cpS>`	29,860
bpbycpC d¡OÆ ipl	fpS>`p	22,046
_hgtkl dlp¡bstkl ÅX¡$Å	L$p¢N°¡k	15,775

k„b„r^s Al¡hpgp¡
fp`fhpkuAp¡_p„ dp_k L¡$iycpC bv$gu iL$i¡?
L$ÃR>_p dsv$pfp¡ Ap hMs¡ Apòe® kS>®i¡?