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X$p¡. L¡$s_ Th¡fu

ApS>_u fp¡Np¡_u sfpl A_¡ crhóe_p h¥opr_L$ hfspfpAp¡ Å¡sp„ A¡hy„ Qp¡½$k`Z¡ L$lu iL$pe L¡$ A¡L$hukdu kv$udp„ Apfp¡Áe n¡Ó_p¡ dy¿e Tp¡L$ fp¡Nr_hpfZ `f li¡. fp¡N \ep `R>u kpfp¡ L$fhp_y„ L$pd sp¡ kv$uAp¡\u \sy„ Apìey„ S> R>¡ A_¡ Qpgy fl¡i¡, `f„sy _hu _hu ip¡^p¡ A_¡ _hp _hp fp¡Np¡ kdpS>_¡ `p¡rTqV$h l¡ë\ A_¡ fp¡Nr_hpfZ sfa gC S>i¡.

OZp b^p Q¡`u fp¡Np¡ rhð_p A_¡L$ v¡$ip¡A¡ r_e„ÓZ l¡W$m hjp£\u gC gu^p R>¡, `f„sy Ap`Z¡ Ðep„ Ap âq¾$ep M|b ^udu NrsA¡ Qpg¡ R>¡, A¡_u kpd¡ hpfkpNs, Aep¡Áe Mp¡fpL$, b¡W$pXy$ Æh_, ìek_p¡ s\p dp_rkL$ spZ_¡ L$pfZ¡ Dv¹$chsp rb_Q¡`u fp¡Np¡_y„ âdpZ `Z qv$_ârsqv$_ h^u füy„ R>¡. il¡fuL$fZ A_¡ TX$`u tS>v$Nu Ap _hp fp¡Np¡_¡ blz TX$`\u hL$fph¡ R>¡.

Apd, A¡L$hukdu kv$u_u iê$Aps_p„ OZp„ hjp£ (gNcN `p kv$u) cpfs A_¡ AÞe rhL$pkiug v¡$ip¡ b^u Ås_p fp¡Np¡_¡ h^sp Å¡i¡.

Ap v$frdep_ fp¡Nr_hpfZ_u A¡L$ `p¡qTqV$h l¡ë\_u _hu dprlsu A_¡ V¡$L¹$r_L$_p¡ ìep`L$ âQpf A_¡ _hp„ k„ip¡^_p¡ fp¡Np¡ \pe A¡ `l¡gp„ S> ApMp kdpS>_¡ fp¡Np¡\u v|$f fpMhpdp„ dv$v$ê$` \i¡. hukdu kv$u_p A„s ky^udp„ Apfp¡Áe n¡Ó_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u rkqÙ üyd_ rS>_p¡d âp¡S>¡¼V$ R>¡. S>¡_¡ Ap^pf¡ dpZk_u A„v$f fl¡gp b^u Ås_p rS>Þk_u k„opAp¡ DL¡$ghpdp„ Aphu R>¡ A_¡ ifuf_u _p_pdp„ _p_u L$fQgu\u dp„X$u_¡ dp¡V$p dp¡V$p fp¡Np¡ L$fhp dpV¡$ L$pfZc|s rS>Þk ip¡^u L$pY$hpdp„ Apìep R>¡. Ap dlÒh`|Z® k„ip¡^__p¡ ìephlpqfL$ D`ep¡N Ap A¡L$hukdu kv$udp„ fp¡Nr_hpfZ_p n¡Ódp„ \i¡.

Ap S> fus¡ fp¡NârsL$pfL$ s„Ó_y„ rhop_ h^y _¡ h^y KX$pZ\u kdÅsy„ Åe R>¡. A¡BX¹$k S>¡hp fp¡Np¡A¡ Bçeyr_V$u_u kdS>Zdp„ TX$`c¡f _hu ip¡^p¡ L$fhp rhop_uAp¡_¡ â¡ep® R>¡. Ap b^p_¡ `qfZpd¡ fp¡Np¡ kpd¡ fnZ Ap`su fkuAp¡_p¡ `Z M|b rhL$pk \ep¡ R>¡. fp¡Nr_hpfZ dpV¡$ fp¡NârsL$pfL$ fkuAp¡ M|b dlÒh_y„ A„N R>¡. Ap D`fp„s, rinZ A_¡ õhÃR>sp_y„ h^sy„ S>sy„ dlÒh OZp fp¡Np¡\u gp¡L$p¡_¡ bQphu iL$i¡.

A¡L$hukdu kv$udp„ _uQ¡ S>Zph¡gp„ `qfbmp¡ dy¿e cpN cS>hi¡.

(1) fp¡NârsL$pfL$ fkuAp¡ : NC kv$udp„ iusmp_¡ vy$r_epdp„\u rhv$pe L$ep® `R>u lh¡ `p¡rgep¡ A_¡ Ap¡fu S>¡hp fp¡Np¡ _pb|v$ \hp_u epv$u `f R>¡. ql`¡V$pBqV$k bu_p ìep`L$ fkuL$fZ\u guhf_p L¡$Þkf A_¡ ql`¡V$pBqV$k\u \sp„ d©Ðey OV$pX$u iL$pi¡. ^_yf, qX$à\¡qfep, V$u.bu., `p¡rgep¡, Ap¡fu- S>¡hp fp¡Np¡ kpd¡ ê$V$u_ fkuL$fZ D`fp„s buÅ A_¡L$ fp¡Np¡ kpd¡ fkuAp¡ AÐepf¡ dm¡ R>¡. qldp¡augk BÞãgyA¡ÞTp V$pB` bu (qlb), Npg`Qp¡mp„, ê$b¡gp A_¡ AR>bX$p kpd¡ fku D`gå^ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s Þeydp¡q_ep, ql`¡V$pBqV$k A¡ hN¡f¡ fku `Z AdyL$ qL$õkpdp„ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. lX$L$hp_u fku `Z hjp£\u A_¡L$ lX$L$hp_p Q¡`_¡ Æhg¡Z b_sp„ AV$L$ph¡ R>¡. A¡L$hukdu kv$udp„ L$p¡g¡fp, f¼sr`Ñ (g¡âku), V$pBap¡BX$, d¡r_ÞÅBqV$k, dfX$p¡, TpX$p, d¡g¡qfep, X¡$ÞNu, fp¡V$phpBfk, Å`p_uT A¡ÞL¡$a¡gpBqV$k, BÞãëeyA¡ÞTp (ãgy), lr`®k hN¡f¡ A_¡L$ fp¡Np¡ kpd¡ fnZ Ap`¡ A¡hu fkuAp¡ lpS>f li¡. Ap b^p fp¡Np¡ kpd¡ fnZ Ap`su fkuAp¡_p dp_h `f_p âep¡Np¡ AÐepf¡ Qpgu füp R>¡. Ap D`fp„s A¡BX¹$k_p hpBfk, Nc®d|m_p L¡$Þkf dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf `¡q`gp¡dp hpBfk A_¡ _pL$-Nmp_p L¡$Þkf dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf A¡àõV$u_ bpf hpBfk kpd¡ fku ip¡^hp_y„ kq¾$e`Z¡ Qpgu füy„ R>¡. Ap _hu ip¡^pC fl¡gu fkudp„\u L$d k¡ L$d \p¡X$uL$ S> fku AkfL$pfL$ b_¡ sp¡ `Z fp¡Np¡_y„ cpfZ _p¢^`pÓ fus¡ OV$u iL¡$ R>¡.

(2) qaV$_¡k dpV¡$ ÅN©rs : ipfuqfL$ kÄS>sp (qaV$_¡k) dpV¡$ qv$_-ârsrv$_ gp¡L$p¡ h^y _¡ h^y ÅN°s \sp Åe R>¡. fp¡S>_u dpÓ Óuk\u q`õspmuk rdr_V$_u L$kfs (Qpghy„, v$p¡X$hy„, sfhy„, fdhy„, _pQhy„ hN¡f¡) AW$hpqX$epdp„ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p `p„Q qv$hk L$fhp\u ifuf_u A_¡L$ ìepr^ Aphsu AV$L$phu iL$pe R>¡ A¡ r_rh®hpv$ h¥opr_L$ sÕe R>¡. Ap_¡ Ap^pf¡ gp¡L$p¡ `p¡sp_p fk, fyrQ A_¡ kde âdpZ¡ Of_u A„v$f L¡$ blpf L$kfs L$fhp sfa hþep R>¡ A_¡ h^y _¡ h^y gp¡L$p¡ Ap A¡L$hukdu kv$udp„ L$kfs L$fu_¡ ifuf_¡ kÄS> fpMsp„ \i¡, `qfZpd¡ ùv$efp¡N, X$peprbV$uk, lpC ågX$â¡if, L¡$Þkf hN¡f¡ A_¡L$ fp¡Np¡ \sp„ AV$L$u iL$i¡.

(3) Mp¡fpL$ A„N¡ ÅN©rs : A¡L$hukdu kv$udp„ Mp¡fpL$ A„N¡_u ÅN©rs h^i¡ A_¡ dp¡V$p cpN_p v¡$ip¡dp„ `¡L$ MpÛ`v$p\® `f A¡ Mp¡fpL$dp„ fl¡gp„ `p¡jL$ sÒhp¡, qhV$prd_, Qfbu, L$p¡g¡õV$fg hN¡f¡ gMhy„ afrS>eps b_u S>i¡. rirns A_¡ ÅN°s _pNqfL$ byqÙ`|h®L$ Mp¡fpL$_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fu iL$i¡, S>¡dp„ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>u Qfbu A_¡ L$p¡g¡õV$fg Mp¡fpL$dp„ Aph¡ A_¡ h^ydp„ h^y f¡kp, rhV$prd_ s\p A¡[ÞV$-Ap¡[¼kX$ÞV$ sÒhp¡ Mp¡fpL$dp„\u dmu fl¡. Mp¡fpL$_u h^y `X$su Qfbu A_¡ duWy$„ OZp b^p fp¡Np¡_¡ r_d„ÓZ Ap`¡ R>¡. Mp¡fpL$ fp„^hp_p„ _hp„ _hp„ kp^_p¡ (v$p.s. dpB¾$p¡h¡h Ap¡h_) ìep`L$ b_i¡, S>¡ Ap¡R>p s¡gdp„ L¡$ s¡g hNf õhpqv$ô$ Mp¡fpL$ fp„^u Ap`i¡. _hp rS>_¡qV$L$ A¡[ÞS>r_eX®$ l¡ë\ awX$ dmhp gpNi¡.

(4) ky^fsy„ Æh_^p¡fZ A_¡ õhÃR>sp_¡ âp^pÞe : S>¡ kdpS>dp„ õhÃR>sp_¡ âp^pÞe Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ Ðep„ Q¡`u fp¡Np¡_y„ âdpZ Ap`p¡Ap` OV$u Åe R>¡. cpfs_u AõhÃR>sp_u v¡$iìep`u Ly$V$¡h, ^ud¡ ^ud¡ ky^fi¡ A_¡ NpdX$p„_u Nfubu v|$f \i¡ sp¡ S> Q¡`u fp¡Np¡ A×íe \C iL$i¡.

(5) sZphdy¼s lL$pfpÐdL$ dp_rkL$ hgZ_p¡ ìep` : qv$_-ârsqv$_ gp¡L$p¡dp„ dp_rkL$ spZ A„N¡_u ÅN©rs `Z h^u flu R>¡. A_¡L$ gp¡L$p¡ sZphdy¼s fl¡hp dpV¡$ ep¡N Ýep_ S>¡hp kv$uAp¡ `yfpZp D`pep¡ AS>dphhp gpÁep R>¡ A_¡ g¡V¡$õV$ h¥opr_L$ k„ip¡^_p¡ `Z Aphp D`pep¡_¡ Å¡fv$pf kd\®_ Ap`¡ R>¡. S>¡d S>¡d ìe[¼s lL$pfpÐdL$ hgZ A`_ph¡ R>¡ s¡d s¡d A¡_u `p¡sp_u A_¡ ApMp kdpS>_u âNrs TX$`u b_¡ R>¡. sZphdy¼s Æh_ ifuf_¡ fp¡Ndy¼s fpMu iL¡$ R>¡.

(6) ìek_p¡\u Ry>V$L$pfp¡ : ApS>L$pg rhðcfdp„ sdpLy$, buX$u, rkNpf¡V$_p DÐ`pv$L$p¡ `p¡sp_p¡ ^„^p¡ bv$ghp_u sS>huS>dp„ R>¡. Å¡ h^y ÅN©rs Aph¡ sp¡ kdpS>_p A_¡L$ gp¡L$p¡ ùv$efp¡N, L¡$Þkf, guhf_u budpfu hN¡f¡dp„\u ENfu Åe. Ap`Zp kdpS>dp„ k„sp¡ A_¡ kdpS>k¡hL$p¡ dpÓ ìek_dy[¼s_y„ Arcep_ Apv$f¡ sp¡ M|b dp¡V$u kdpS>k¡hp \pe.

(7) rS>_¡qV$L$ rhÛp\u fp¡Ndy[¼s : k¥Ùp„rsL$ fus¡ lh¡ A¡hy„ i¼e R>¡ L¡$ B[ÃR>s rS>Þk ^fphsp bpmL$_p¡ S>Þd \C iL¡$. S>¡ S>q__dp„ L$p¡C `Z fp¡N \hp_u i¼esp _ lp¡e A¡hp S>q__p¡ c¡Np L$fu_¡ k„`|Z® fp¡Ndy¼s bpmL$ ApS>¡ L$ë`_p gpN¡ R>¡, `Z Ap kv$udp„ A¡ hpõsrhL$sp b_u Åe A¡hu `|fu i¼esp R>¡. \¡g¡k¡rdep S>¡hp fp¡Np¡ sp¡ \C Nep `R>u `Z S>r__rhÛp_u dv$v$\u L$p¡j_p S>r__ bv$gu_¡ fp¡Ndy[¼s_p âep¡Np¡ Qpgy R>¡. fp¡Np¡ kpd¡ V$L$u fl¡ A¡hu h_õ`rs S>r__rhÛp\u rhL$pk `pdu S> R>¡. A¡ S> fus¡ fp¡Np¡ kpd¡ V$L$u iL¡$ A¡hp„ âpZu A_¡ dp_h `Z Ahsfi¡. AgbÑ, Ap rhÛp_p A_¡L$ vy$fy`ep¡N \hp_u i¼esp R>¡. A¡V$g¡ AÐepf¡ kfL$pf A_¡ h¥opr_L$p¡ ^udu NrsA¡ Ap qv$ipdp„ ApNm h^u füp„ R>¡.

_hu kv$udp„ dpZk NC kv$u_u c|gp¡dp„\u iuMu_¡ \p¡X$p¡ b¡g¡Þk b_i¡ s¡hu Apip Apfp¡Áeip÷uAp¡ fpMu füp R>¡.

Ap`_¡ Ap g¡M L$¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?