L$urs® MÓu

L$ÃR>_p L$fd¡ L$pmv¡$hsp_u \p`V$p¡ S> gMpe¡gu lp¡e A¡d afu A¡L$hpf 26du_u khpf¡ ^fsu ^|Zhp dp„X$sp„ lÅfp¡ L$ÃR>hpku EW$u_¡ Apmk dfX$u b¡W$p \ep lsp Ðep„ S> dp¡s_p Mà`fdp„ lp¡dpC Nep R>¡ A_¡ Qp¡Nfv$d sbplu_p„ L$ë`_psus ×íep¡ kÅ®C füp„ R>¡. S|>_y„ cyS>, S|>_y„ A„Åf A_¡ cQpD sp¡ _pdi¡j \C Nep„ R>¡. D`fp„s Ap S> spgyL$pAp¡_p„ _p_p„dp¡V$p„ A_¡L$ Npd `Z `p¡sp_„y A[õsÐh gNcN Nydphu Q|¼ep R>¡. L$ÃR>_p Brslpkdp„ 1819dp„ dlpL$pm ^fsuL„$` \ep¡ lsp¡ A¡_¡e cygphu v¡$ s¡hp Ap c|L„$`¡ ^fsu_¡ A¡hu sp¡ ^°yÅhu R>¡ L¡$ A¡_u k`pV$u `f dp¡s_p¡ dlpkpNf ER>þep¡ R>¡ A_¡ Qpf¡ bpSy> kp¥_¡ k`pV$pdp„ gC gu^p R>¡.

dp¡s_p dlpkpNfdp„ Ap fus¡ NfL$ph \e¡gp dp_huAp¡_u k„¿ep NZhu Ai¼e R>¡. 1993dp„ dlpfpô²$dp„ gpsyf_p ^fsuL„$`dp„ dpep® Ne¡gpAp¡_p¡ kÑphpf Ap„L$ v$k lÅf_p¡ v$ip®hpep¡ `Z rb_kÑphpf Ap„L$ Óuk\u Qpguk lÅf hÃQ¡ d_pe R>¡. A¡ L„$`_ gpsyf_u ApSy>bpSy>_p 80 qL$gp¡duV$f rhõspf ky^u dep®qv$s lsp¡. A¡_u kp\¡ L$ÃR>_p lpg_p L„$`__u syg_p L$fuA¡ sp¡ A¡_p¡ ìep` A_¡ suh°sp b„_¡ A_¡L$NZp„ R>¡. cyS>\u A„Åf 40 qL$gp¡duV$f A_¡ cQpD 80 qL$gp¡duV$f sp¡ Adv$phpv$ 400 qL$gp¡duV$f A_¡ kyfs sp¡ A¡\ue v|$f.

Ap ^fsuL„$`_p ìep` A_¡ suh°sp_¡ Ýep_dp„ gCA¡ Ðepf¡ d_dp„ khpg EW¡$ R>¡ L¡$ Ap c|L„$` lsp¡ L¡$ rhõap¡V$? _¡i_g rS>ep¡qarTL$g qfkQ® B[ÞõV$V$éyV$_p qX$f¡¼V$f¡ ^fsuL„$`_u i[¼s_u syg_p 5.3 d¡NpV$__p lpCX²$p¡S>_ bp¡çbrhõap¡V$ kp\¡ L$fu R>¡ s¡ `Z A¡d k|Qh¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap L$p¡C dlpL$pm ^fsuL„$` _l] `Z c|Nc®dp„ \e¡gp¡ S>åbf rhõap¡V$ lsp¡ A_¡ s¡\u S> s¡_u Akfp¡ ApV$gu ìep`L$ A_¡ suh° lsu.

Ap hps_¡ Ýep_dp„ g¡sp„ A¡d gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ cpfs_u ApTpv$u `R>u_p Brslpk_p¡ S> _l] `f„sy k„chs: kdN° 20du kv$u v$frdep_ \e¡gp ^fsuL„$`p¡ `¥L$u `Z Ap kp¥\u Np¡Tpfp¡ c|L„$` lsp¡. 1935dp„ rlÞvy$õsp__p ¼h¡V$p (lpg `pqL$õsp_) Mps¡ ^fsu_p sp„X$hdp„ 60,000 dp_hu L$pm_p¡ L$p¡rmep¡ bÞep lsp. Ap hMs¡ ^fsu_p¡ Aps„L$ A¡ Ap„L$ `pf L$fu S>i¡ L¡$ L¡$d A¡ L$l¡hy„ dyíL¡$g R>¡ `Z rhõap¡V$ A_¡ A¡_u ìep`L$ Akf sp¡ Ac|s`|h® lsp„ A¡dp„ i„L$p_¡ L$p¡C õ\p_ _\u.

r_ers Äepf¡ Aphp ¾|$f M¡g r_óWy$fsp\u M¡g¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ dp_hu_¡ gpQpf b_phu v¡$ R>¡. 26du_u khpf¡ ^fsu_p rlgp¡mp Å¡C_¡ âÅ b¡bpL$mu b_u NC lsu. b`p¡f ky^u sp¡ iy„ bÞey„ R>¡ A¡_u k|^b|^ S> _ flu lp¡e A¡d gp¡L$p¡ qv$Ád|Y$-AhpL¹$ b_u Nep lsp. R>¡L$ b`p¡f bpv$ L$p„CL$ L$m hmu Ðepf¡ âÅ_¡ kdÅey„ L¡$ Ap sp¡ ^fsu_p ^X$pL$pA¡ Apc apV$éy„ lp¡e A¡hu AL$ëàe kdõepAp¡ kÆ® v$u^u R>¡.

s¡\u S> sp¡ s„Ó Üpfp bQph-fpls_u L$pdNufu iê$ \pe A¡_u fpl Å¡ep rh_p õhbm¡ L$pV$dpmdp„\u õhS>_p¡ blpf L$pY$hp\u dp„X$u d©sv¡$l Mk¡X$hp_u L$pdNufu âÅA¡ iê$ L$fu v$u^u. k„õ\pAp¡ `Z L$pd¡ gpNhp dp„X$u, `R>u gíL$f Apìey„, _¡spAp¡ Apìep, bQph L$pdNufu g„NX$psu g„NX$psu `Z iê \C, lh¡ v¡$irhv¡$i\u Vy$L$X$uAp¡ Aphhp dp„X$u R>¡. klpe_p¡ ^p¡^ Qp¡d¡f\u hfku füp¡ R>¡. kp¥ L$p¡C dp_hsp_u afS> bÅhhp d¡v$p_¡ `X$ép R>¡ Ðepf¡ Ap b^u bQph L$pdNufu L¡$ klpe_y„ ep¡Áe k„L$g_ L$fu_¡ ep¡Áe õ\m¡ `lp¢QpX$hp_p¡ `X$L$pf õ\pr_L$ s„Ó kdn Ecp¡ \ep¡ R>¡.

kpQy„ L¡$ L$ÃR>_u båb¡ hj®\u k|L$u, sfku qhÅ¡NZ ^fsu `p¡sp_p bpmL$_¡ `pZu Ap`hp_¡ bv$g¡ Å¡ dp¡s_p azhpfp R>p¡X$hp dp„X¡$ sp¡ A¡_u kpd¡ sdpd kp^_ A_¡ i[¼s V|„$L$p„ `X¡$. âL©$rs_u rh_pigugp_¡ rhop_ A_¡ Ap^yr_L$ V¡¼_p¡gp¡Æ `Z _p\u iL$sp„ _\u. D`N°l_u dv$v$\u hpsphfZ A_¡ c|õsf_p„ A_¡L$ k„ip¡^_ L$fpep„ R>¡ R>sp„ hphpTp¡X$p_u dpaL$ c|L„$`_u ApNplu \C iL$su _\u. `f„sy, c|L„$`_u i¼esp L$ep A_¡ L$¡hp âL$pf_p rhõspfdp„ h^y R>¡ A¡ sp¡ Qp¡½$k L$lu iL$pe R>¡ A_¡ A¡ _½$u \ep `R>u L$d k¡ L$d rh_pigugp kÅ®e Ðepf¡ s¡_u dpÓp Ap¡R>u L¡$d \pe A¡_p„ `Ngp„ sp¡ ANpD\u gC S> iL$pe R>¡. Aakp¡k L¡$ L$ÃR>dp„ kp¥ ÅZsp lp¡hp R>sp„ A¡ \C i¼ey„ _\u.

L$ÃR> A¡ ^fsuL„$`_u suh° i¼esp ^fphsp âv¡$ip¡ `¥L$u_p¡ A¡L$ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ A¡_u ^fsu `f blzdpmu dL$p_ bp„^hp„ BÃR>_ue _\u. r_óZpsp¡_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf b¡\u h^y dpm_p dL$p_ bp„^hp_u s„Ó¡ `fhp_Nu S> Ap`hu Å¡CA¡ _l]. Ap dyØp¡ "L$ÃR>rdÓ'dp„ v$p¡Y¡$L$ v$peL$p\u kss QQp®sp¡ füp¡ R>¡. k„¿epb„^ g¡M A_¡ QQp®Ap¡ \C R>¡. Af¡ AN°g¡M kyÝ^p„ gMpep R>¡. Adpfp hpQL$p¡ A¡_p\u hpL¡$a R>¡. hluhV$u s„Ó A_¡ ky^fpC_p ipkL$p¡A¡ s¡_u Op¡f AhNZ_p L$fu R>¡. _rlsf ^fsuL„$`_p Ap„QL$p\u dp¡s_¡ c¡V¡$gp dp_huAp¡_p¡ Ap„L$ Ap¡R>p¡ lp¡s.

r_óZpsp¡ Ap S> hps L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ ^fsuL„$`_u ApNplu i¼e _\u `Z A¡_u Akf h^y _ `X¡$ A_¡ Å_lpr_ Ap¡R>u \pe A¡hp„ `Ngp„ gC iL$pe s¡d R>¡ A_¡ s¡dp„ blzdpmu dL$p__p bp„^L$pd `f L$ÃR>dp„ kv„$sf ârsb„^_p¡e kdph¡i \pe R>¡. k„ch R>¡ L¡$ Ap`Zu ÅN©rs_¡, Q¡s_p_¡, kdN° A[õsÐh_¡ lQdQphu d|L¡$ s¡hp ^fsu rhõap¡V$ `R>u L$ÃR>dp„ blzdpmu dL$p_p¡_p bp„^L$pd `f ârsb„^ dyL$pi¡. `Z A¡ `|fsy„ _l] lp¡e, blzdpmu dL$p_ kpd¡ Q¡shZu_p hpf„hpf_p k|f R>sp„ s¡_u AhNZ_p L$f_pf ipkL$p¡ A_¡ Mpk sp¡ rbëX$fp¡ kpd¡ s`pk Ar_hpe® R>¡. blzdpmu_u d„S|>fu dþep `R>u ^fsuL„$`_u i¼esp ^fphsp âv¡$idp„ BS>_¡fu (õV²$¼Qfg A¡[ÞS>r_eqf„N) r_ed A_ykpf gp¡M„X$ A_¡ rkd¡ÞV$ h`fpep„ R>¡ L¡$ L¡$d? KQpC A_ykpf A¡_p `pep KX$p Mp¡v$pep R>¡ L¡$ L¡$d A¡_u s`pk \hu Å¡CA¡. ky^fpC_p Ar^L$pfuAp¡A¡ A¡L$v$d _ÆL$ lp¡e A¡hu fus¡ blzdpmu dL$p_p¡ bp„^hp_u `fhp_Nu fpS>L$pfZuAp¡_p v$bpZ\u Ap`u lp¡e sp¡ A¡_ue s`pk \hu Å¡CA¡.

ApS>¡ A`pf h¡v$_p_u nZ¡ rhQpf L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ sp¡ dp_hu_p L¡$V$gp b^p Ql¡fp, L¡$V$gp„ b^p„ ê$` Ap`Zu kpd¡ Aphu Nep„ R>¡. A¡_p„ A¡L¡$A¡L$ ê$`_p AgN AgN g¡M gMu iL$pe s¡d R>¡. `Z ^fsuL„$` hMs¡ s¡d_¡ õh„ec| ApNm Aphu_¡ d©sv¡$l Mk¡X$sp„ Å¡ep R>¡. k„õ\pê$`¡ kd|ldp„ bQph L$pdNufu L$fsp„e Å¡ep„ R>¡. L$p¡C kfL$pfu L¡$ A^®kfL$pfu L$d®Qpfu Ofbpf Nydphu_¡ `Z afS> `f lpS>f \ep¡ R>¡. dy[õgdp¡_¡ rlÞvy$Ap¡_p Å_ bQphsp„ Å¡ep R>¡. rlÞvy$Ap¡_¡ dy[õgdp¡_¡ dv$v$ L$fsp„ Å¡ep R>¡.

A¡L$ L$p¡d_u kNcp® eyhsu h¡v$_pdp„ L$Zksp„ L$Zksp„ L$pV$dpm hÃQ¡ âpZ R>p¡X¡$ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p bpmL$_¡ bQphu g¡hpe R>¡. Ðepf¡ buÆ L$p¡d_u ÷u_¡ s¡_¡ fX$sp„ fX$sp„ DW$phu gC R>psukfky„ Qp„`u ^hfphsp„ Å¡CA¡ R>uA¡ Ðepf¡ Ap„M cu_u \C Åe R>¡. ^fsuL„$` `R>u sfs S> vy$L$p_p¡ Myëgu d|L$u_¡ `p¡sp_p¡ dpg rh_p d|ëe¡ h¡Qu v¡$sp vy$L$p_v$pfp¡ `Z Å¡hp dþep R>¡ sp¡ dp_hu_u Aphu gpQpf [õ\rs_p¡ N¡fgpc DW$phu dp_hsp _¡h¡ d|L$u_¡ vy$L$p_, Of_¡ g|„Vsp b¡ifdp¡_p l¡hpg `Z lh¡ Aphu füp R>¡. NpdX$p„Ap¡dp„ ¼ep„$L$ 40 ê$r`e¡ qL$gp¡ Mp„X$ A_¡ L¡$fp¡ku__p ^|d L$pmp„bÅf_u hpsp¡e k„cmphp dp„X$u R>¡. L$pV$dpmdp„\u dp¡V$p `pe¡ Qp¡fu L$fsu V$p¡mL$uAp¡ Esfu `X$u lp¡hp_„ye k„cmpe R>¡.

`yÎe A_¡ `p` A¡ dpZk_p b¡ Ql¡fp R>¡. kS>®_lpf_¡ L$v$pQ `p`_y„ `ëgy„ h^pf¡ cpf¡ gpÁey„ li¡ s¡\u L$pmv¡$hspA¡ r_óWy$fsp\u gpg Ap„M L$fu R>¡. `Z S>¡ `yÎe L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ r_v$p£j R>¡ A¡_p¡ ip¡ hp„L$?

1993dp„ gpsyfdp„ ^fsuL„$` \ep¡ Ðepf¡ dpfp hX$ug kp\u A_¡ k„h¡v$_iug L$rh lfuÞÖcpC v$h¡A¡ ìer\s ùv$e¡ "`°hpku'_p â\d `p_¡ gM¡gp AN°g¡M_y„ iuj®L$ hp„Ãey„ lsy„. "r_óWy$f L$pmv¡$hsp s_¡ Ap iy„ k|T¹ey„?' ApS>¡ A¡ iuj®L$ epv$ Aph¡ R>¡. L$pmv¡$hsp s_¡ Ap iy„ k|T¹ey„ L¡$ L$ÃR> `f S> kss gpg Ap„M L$fsp¡ fl¡ R>¡. 1998dp„ L„$X$gpdp„ hphpTp¡X$pê$`¡ ÓpV$L$u_¡ lÅfp¡_p¡ cp¡N gu^p¡, s¡ `R>u `ròd L$ÃR>dp„ lplpL$pf dQphu v$u^p¡ A_¡ båb¡ hj®\u k|L$u A_¡ ^phZrhlp¡Zu ^fsu `f vy$L$pm W$p¡L$u v$u^p `R>ue ^fh _ \ep¡ A_¡ sy„ L$pmv¡$hsp c|rhõap¡V$ b_u_¡ ÓpV$¼ep¡ R>p¡? syy„ L$ÃR> `f kv$uAp¡\u Map R>p¡... lSyA¡ Map ip dpV¡$...?

Ap`Z¡ L¡$d b¡W$p \Ciy„? lÅfp¡ dpep® Nep R>¡. L¡$V$L¡$V$gp dp_hu AÐepf¡e L$pV$dpm l¡W$m v$bpe¡gp li¡. L$p¡C R>¡ëgp¡ vd g¡sy„ li¡. L$p¡C L$Zksy„ li¡. gpMp¡ Ofbpfrhlp¡Zp bÞep li¡. Ap`Ï„ A\®s„Ó cp„Nu `X$éyy„ R>¡, iy„ \i¡? Ar_ròsspAp¡_p sp„X$h _©Ðe hÃQ¡ Ap`Z¡ rhQpfi|Þe b_u Nep R>uA¡ Ðepf¡ AkfN°õsp¡_p„, `uqX$sp¡_p„ Ap„ky g|R>uA¡, s¡d_¡ kp„Ðh_ Ap`uA¡ A_¡ A¡d_p dpV¡$ S>¡ L$p„C i¼e lp¡e A¡ L$fu R|>V$uA¡ A¡ Ap`Zp¡ dp_h^d® R>¡. Qpgp¡ kp¥ kp\¡ dmu_¡ dp_h^d® bÅhuA¡.

A_¡ R>¡ëg¡... L$pm_p¡ L$p¡rmep¡ b__pf lÅfp¡ _pduA_pdu L$ÃR>uAp¡_p ApÐdp_¡ Cïhf ip„rs Ap`¡ A¡ S> âp\®_p.

c|L„$` rhi¡_p AÞe Al¡hpgp¡ A_¡ skhufp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?