`©Õhu ipl

NyS>fpsdp„ Aph¡gp cep_L$ c|L„$` `R>u T|gsp rd_pfp_p v$fhpÅ A¡[ÞS>r_ek® A_¡ ApqL®$V¡$¼V$ dpV¡$ 17 hj® `R>u M|ëep. k„¿epb„^ gp¡L$p¡A¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ ÅZusp kuv$u biuf_p Ap T|gsp rd_pfp_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. vy$r_epcf_p A¡[ÞS>r_ek® A_¡ ApqL®$V¡$¼V$ dpV¡$ L$p¡eX$$pê$` kprbs \e¡gp 579 hj® S|>_p Adv$phpv$_p T|gsp rd_pfp Ap cep_L$ ^fsuL„$`dp„ `Z AX$uMd Ecp füp R>¡.

A„N°¡Å¡_y„ ipk_ lsy„ Ðepf¡ õ\p`Ðe L$mpdp„ `p¡sp_¡ r_óZps dp__pf A„N°¡Å¡ `Z T|gsp rd_pfp_¡ Å¡C_¡ \p` MpC Nep lsp. A¡ S>dp_pdp„ A¡dZ¡ Ap rd_pfpdp„ A¡hy„ s¡ iy„ R>¡ L¡$ A¡L$ rd_pfp_¡ lgphsp„ buÅ¡e T|ghp dp„X¡$ R>¡ s¡_y„ flõe ÅZhp T|gsp rd_pfpAp¡_p `pep_¡ Mp¡v$hp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$ep£ lsp¡, `f„sy L$iy„ _ kdÅsp„ A¡dZ¡ Ap Mp¡v$L$pd b„^ L$ey¯ lsy„.

Adv$phpv$dp„ ÓZ T|gsp rd_pfp lsp. L$pmy`yf f¡gh¡õV¡$i_ `pk¡ 30.48 duV$f KQp Ap rd_pfp AÐepf¡ sp¡ Ål¡fpsp¡_p„ lp¡qX¯$N `pR>m v$bpC Nep„ R>¡ s¡ ifd_u hps R>¡. sp¡ hmu, L$pmy`yf f¡gh¡õV¡$i_\u v$rnZdp„ A¡L$ dpCg v|$f kpf„N`yf v$fhpÅ `pk¡ 21.34 duV$f_u KQpChpmp T|gsp rd_pfp R>¡. Aphp S> T|gsp rd_pfp Np¡dsu`yf fpS>`yf_u bubu L$u d[õS>v$ ApNm lsp. `f„sy Ap ^fsuL„$`dp„ Np¡dsu`yf_p Ap rd_pfp s|V$u Nep, Äepf¡ L$pmy`yf A_¡ kpf„N`yf_p T|gsp rd_pfp lSy> AX$uMd Ecp R>¡. dp¡Ng Brslpk_u cìesp v$ip®hsp 1521dp„ b_¡gp Ap rd_pfp_p¡ Brslpk OX$ucfdp„ cìe dp¡NgL$pm sfa gC Åe R>¡.

ÅZusp BrslpkL$pf X$p¡. A¡k. fpS>Np¡f¡ qfqX$a.L$p¡d kp\¡_u hpsQusdp„ L$üy„ L¡$, cpfsdp„ dp¡NgL$pm_u iêAps \C Ðepf\u d[õS>v$ A_¡ rd_pfpAp¡ b_hp gpÁep„, s¡f\u kÑfdu kv$u ky^u dp¡Ngp¡_p¡ k|e® s`sp¡ lsp¡. Ap Afkpdp„ qv$ëludp„ b_su d[õS>v$p¡ S>¡hu S> d[õS>v$p¡ Äep„Äep„ dp¡Ngp¡_y„ ipk_ lp¡e Ðep„ Ðep„ s¡ b_phhu A¡hp¡ ÅZ¡ hZg¿ep¡ r_ed \C Nep¡ lsp¡. AgbÑ Ap b^u d[õS>v$p¡_¡ õ\pr_L$ L$pfuNfp¡ S> ApMfu Ap¡` Ap`sp lsp A_¡ Ap õ\p`Ðe_y„ õV²$¼Qf b_phsp lsp A¡V$g¡ S> 1390\u 1394 ky^u dp¡lçdv$ sOgM ÓuÅ_p k|bp Taf Mp_¡ b_ph¡gu d[õS>v$p¡_u qX$TpB_ h`fpsu flu lsu. Ðepf bpv$ kygsp_ Aldv$ ipl¡ 1411\u 1442 ky^u ipk_ L$ey¯ Ðepf¡ Adv$phpv$dp„ _hp õ\p`Ðe_p¡ Dv$e \ep¡. d[õS>v$_u ApNm_p cpNdp„ Aldv$ ipl_p ipk_ v$frdep_ rd_pfp QZhp_u iê$Aps \C. A¡ `R>u dp¡lçdv$ ipl b¡NX$p\u iê$ L$fu_¡ Ly$ÐbyØu_ ipl_p ipk_ v$frdep_ Adv$phpv$dp„ 50 d[õS>v$p¡ b_u. AgbÑ Ap Npmp_p„ L¡$V$gp„L$ dL$p_p¡ `f s¡\u S> gp¡^uL$pm_p õ\p`Ðe_u Akf v¡$Mpe R>¡.

"rdfp„s A¡ rkL„$v$fu' N°„\dp„ g¿ey„ R>¡ L¡$, Ap Npmpdp„ L$pmy`yfdp„ rdep_Mp_ rQõsu_u d[õS>v$ b_phhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap d[õS>v$_u ApNm rd_pfp b_phhpdp„ Apìep lsp. A¡ hMs¡ L$pmy`yf Adv$phpv$_y„ âh¡iÜpf `Z NZpsy„ lsy„. Ðepf bpv$ Ap d[õS>v$ Aldv$ipl_p dp_usp kuv$u biuf_p _pd¡ Ap¡mMphp gpNu. vy$r_epcf_p A¡[ÞS>r_ek® A_¡ ApqL®$V¡$¼V$¹k_¡ dp¡Y$pdp„ Ap„Nmp„ _Mph_pf Ap d[õS>v$ dp¡lçdv$ b¡NX$p_p dp_usp dg¡L$ kpf„N¡ bp„^u lsu. Aldv$ ipl_p hMs `R>u sfs S> dp¡lçdv$ b¡NX$p_y„ ipk_ iê$ \ey„. Ðepf¡ dp¡lçdv$ b¡NX$pA¡ dg¡L$ kpf„N_u dv$v$\u kpf„N`yf rhõspf b_pìep¡. Al] `Z kuv$u biuf_u d[õS>v$ S>¡hp S> T|gsp rd_pfp b_pìep.

A¡ `R>u, dp¡lçdv$ b¡NX$pA¡ dg¡L$ kpf„N_¡ L$epd-Dg-dyëL$_p rMspb\u _hpÄep lsp. Ðepf bpv$ Np¡dsu`yf fpS>`yfdp„ kp¡mdu kv$u_p âpf„cdp„ bubu L$u d[õS>v$ b_phu. Alu„ dÅ_u hps A¡ R>¡ L¡$, L$pmy`yf f¡gh¡õV¡$i_ `pk¡ Aph¡gp kuv$u biuf_p rd_pfp_u S>¡d S> kpf„N`yf_p rd_pfp `Z T|gsp lsp A¡V$gy„ S> _l], Np¡dsu`yf_u d[õS>v$_p rd_pfp `Z lgsp lsp. `f„sy Np¡dsu`yf_p Ap rd_pfp _fu Ap„M¡ T|gsp„ Å¡C iL$psp _lp¡sp.

rdfp„s¡ tkL$v$fudp„ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ Adv$phpv$dp„ 50 S>¡V$gu d[õS>v$p¡ b_phhp `pR>m_y„ dy¿e L$pfZ Al]_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ fp¡S>Npfu Ap`hp_y„ lsy„. dp¡V$p cpN_p fpÅAp¡A¡ Al]_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ fp¡S>Npfu Ap`hp dpV¡$ Ap d[õS>v$p¡ b_phu lp¡hp_y„ L$l¡hpe R>¡.

cgcgp_¡ d|„ThZdp„ _pM_pf Ap T|gsp rd_pfp L¡$hu fus¡ T|g¡ R>¡ A¡ kdS>hp dpV¡$ OZp b^p gp¡L$p¡A¡ âeÐ_ L$ep£ R>¡, `f„sy A¡_y„ flõe lSy> ky^u DL¡$gu iL$pey„ _\u. A„N°¡Å¡_p ipk_ v$frdep_ A¡L$ rd_pfp¡ lgphp¡ A_¡ A¡_u kp\¡ S> buÅ¡ rd_pfp¡ T|ghp dp„X¡$ sp¡ Ap bp„^L$pd L¡$hu fus_„y li¡ A¡ kdS>hp dpV¡$ A„N°¡Å¡A¡ Ap rd_pfp Mp¡v$hp_p¡ âeÐ_ `Z L$ep£ lsp¡. `f„sy A¡ gp¡L$p¡ Ap flõe kdÆ i¼ep _lp¡sp. AgbÑ AÐepf ky^u buÅe¡ A_¡L$ v¡$ip¡_p r_óZpsp¡A¡ Ap rd_pfp L¡$hu fus¡ T|g¡ R>¡ A¡ kdS>hp dpV¡$ Mpõkp A¡hp âeÐ_p¡ L$ep® R>¡, `f„sy L$p¡C_¡ kamsp dmu _\u.

Adv$phpv$_p ÅZusp õV²$¼Qfg A¡[ÞS>r_ef õh. d_ycpC cË¡$ T|gsp rd_pfp `f L$f¡gp Aæepk_¡ gNcN v$f¡L$ S>Z ApS>¡ dpÞe fpM¡ R>¡. NyS>fps kfL$pf_¡ A¡dZ¡ fS|> L$f¡gp qf`p¡V®$dp„ g¿ey„ R>¡ L¡$, kuv$u biuf_p rd_pfp_u ApNm d[õS>v$ lsu. AÐepf¡ s¡ d[õS>v$ _\u. 1819_p Afkpdp„ Ap d[õS>v$ s|V$u NC lsu. Äepf¡ Ap rd_pfp bÞep Ðepf¡ A¡L$ rd_pfp¡ lgphuA¡ sp¡ buÅ¡ rd_pfp¡ lgi¡ A¡hy„ L$p¡C dp_sy„ _lp¡sy„. rd_pfp_u qX$TpB_ A¡hu R>¡ L¡$ A¡dp„ b„_¡ rd_pfp_¡ Å¡X$su A¡L$ L$dp_ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ qb°S>_u NfS> kpf¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s Ap rd_pfpAp¡dp„ õ`pBfg õV¡$fL¡$k A¡V$g¡ L¡$ Np¡mpL$pfdp„ `Nr\ep„ R>¡. A¡V$gy„ S> _l], Ap ApMy„e õV²$¼Qf IV$p¡, f¡su, Q|_p¡ A_¡ kyfL$u (IV$_p¡ `pDX$f)\u b_¡gy„ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ A¡_pdp„ [õ\rsõ\p`L$sp h^pf¡ R>¡. Ap rd_pfp A¡hu fus¡ bÞep R>¡ L$¡, 30.48 duV$f_u KQpChpmp rd_pfp_u V$p¡Q `f S>C_¡ A¡L$ rd_pfp_¡ lgphp¡ sp¡ A¡dp„\u Qp¡½$k âL$pf_p¡ L$pe_¡qV$L$ ap¡k® DÐ`Þ_ \pe R>¡ S>¡ rd_pfp_p `pep ky^u Åe R>¡ A_¡ Ðep„\u L$dp_dp„ \C buÅ rd_pfp ky^u `lp¢Q¡ R>¡. S>¡_p `qfZpd¡ A¡L$ rd_pfp¡ lgphp¡ sp¡ buÅ¡ rd_pfp¡ lghp dp„X¡$ R>¡.

NyS>fpsdp„ Aph¡gp cep_L$ c|L„$` `R>u k„¿epb„^ õ\mp¡A¡ S|>_p„ õ\p`Ðep¡ s|V$u Nep„ R>¡, `f„sy 579 hj® S|>_p Ap rd_pfpAp¡ L¡$d _\u `X$ép A¡_p¡ `yfpsÒh MpspA¡ KX$p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. `yfpsÒh Mpsp_p hX$p hu. _pef¡ qfqX$a.L$p¡d kp\¡_u hpsQusdp„ L$üy„ L¡$, S|>_p S>dp_p_p„ Ap b^p„ bp„^L$pdp¡ "gp¡X$ b¡qf„N õV²$¼Qf' fus âdpZ¡ bÞep„ R>¡. A¡_p¡ `pep¡ Mpõkp¡ A¡hp¡ KX$p¡ R>¡. Ap bp„^L$pd_„y dlÒh_y„ `pky„ A¡ R>¡ L¡$ sdpd bp„^L$pdp¡ Q|_p\u bÞep„ R>¡. Q|_p\u \e¡gp„ bp„^L$pdp¡_u A¡L$ Mprkes A¡ R>¡ L¡$ kde S>sp„ Ap bp„^L$pd h^y dS>b|s \sy„ Åe R>¡. rkd¡ÞV$_p bp„^L$pd_y„ Apeyóe 75 hj®_y„ lp¡e R>¡, Äepf¡ Aphp„ bp„^L$pdp¡_y„ Apeyóe h^y lp¡e R>¡. Q|_p\u b_¡gp„ dL$p_p¡_u [õ\rsõ\p`L$sp h^pf¡ lp¡e R>¡ A¡V$g¡ Ap rd_pfpAp¡ s|V$ép _\u. ^fsuL„$`dp„ S>¡ dL$p_p¡_¡ _yL$kp_ \ey„ R>¡ A¡dp„ dp¡V$p cpN_p„ dL$p_p¡ \p„cgpAp¡ `f V$L¡$gp„ lsp„ A_¡ L$dp_p¡ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp„ lp¡e A_¡ `R>u A¡_p `f OyçdV$ lp¡e sp¡ A¡hp„ dL$p_p¡ Ap ^fsuL„$`dp„ s|V$ép„ R>¡. Äepf¡ Np¡dsu`yf_p rd_pfp_¡ bpv$ L$fsp„ dp¡NgL$pm_p„ A¡L¡$e rd_pfp L¡$ d[õS>v$ s|V$u _\u A¡_y„ dy¿e L$pfZ A¡_y„ Av¹$cys bp„^L$pd R>¡.

buÅ _„bf_u skhuf Np¡dsu`yf_p T|gsp rd_pfp_u R>¡, S>¡ Ap hMs_p ^fsuL„$`dp„ s|V$u `X$ép lsp.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?