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  14 AJñV 2002  
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amOZ{Vm ]ƒm| H{$ "AmXe©' ]ZH$a oXIm`|-amï­>[oV

amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ Z{ ñdV§ÌVm nXdg H$s [yd© g§Ü`m [a amï­> H$m{ g§]m{oYV H$aV{ hþE amï­> H$s EH$Vm ,AI§S>Vm ]Zm`{ aIZ{ [a Om{a oX`m &

amï­>[oV Z{ Bg Adga [a "amOZ¡oVH$ ì`oº$`m| ' H$m{ g_PmZ{ H{$ A§XmO _| `h ^r H$h S>mbm nH$ Z{Vm ,gm§gX ,odYm`H$ dV©_mZ g_` _| ]ƒm|-`wdH$m| H{$ AmXe© ]Z|$·`m|oH$ A^r ^r ]ƒm| H$m{ A[Z{ AmXem~ H$s Im{O _| ^yVH$mb _| hr ^Q>H$Zm [S>Vm h¡ $&

amï­>[oV Ûmam amï­ H$m{ nX`{ J`{ g§]m{YZ H$m _yb[mR Bg àH$ma h¡ ...

_{a{ ß`ma{ ^maVdmng`m{ ,

ñdV§ÌVm H$s 55dt df©Jm§R H$s [yd© g§Ü`m [a Am[H${ H$ë`mU Am¡a Iwne`m{§ H${ nbE ew^H$m_ZmE§ X{V{ hwE _wP{ A[ma àgÞVm hm{ ahs h¡ & _¢ , ^maV Am¡a ^maV H${ ]mha ah ah{ g^s H$m An^dmXZ H$aVm hy§ &

_¢ Ob, Wb , dm`w gs_mAm{§ H$s ajm H$a ah{ h_ma{ g¡nZH$m{§ Am¡a AÕ©©g¡nZH$ ]bm{§ H${ OdmZm{§ H${ ànV A[Zm nde{f Am^ma àH$Q H$aVm hy §& _¢ , amï­s` ndH$mg H${ à_wI àdV©H$ , I{Vm{§ _| H$m_ H$aZ{ dmb{ nH$gmZm{§,CÚm{J MbmZ{ dmb{ VH$ZsH$sndXm{§, g_mO H$m{ nenjV H$aZ{ dmb{ nejH$m{§ ,Sm"Qam{§ , B§OsnZ`am{§ , d¡kmnZH$m{§ , àm¡Úm{nJH$s ndXm§{ Am¡a AÝ` ì`dgmn`H$m{ VWm àemgH$m{ H$s ^s nde{f gamhZm H$aVm hy§ & _¢ ^maV H${ `wdm dJ© H$m An^dmXZ H$aVm hy§ nOZH$s CÔ{í`[yU© _{hZV ,g_¥Õ ^maV H$m{ ]XbZ{ _| à_wI enº$ ]Z{Js &

H$wN nXZ [yd© amï­[nV ^dZ _| _¢ H$wN ñdV§ÌVm g{ZmnZ`m{§ g{ n_bm Wm &

CZ_{ §g{ àË`{H$ h_ma{ ñd§VÌVm Am§Xm{bZ g{ OwS>{ W{ & AmO _¢ ^maV H${ CZ g^s ór ,[wéfm{§ H$m An^dmXZ H$aVm hy§ Om{ ñdV§ÌVm H${ nbE bS{ Am¡a AmOmXs [mZ{ H${ nbE nOÝhm{§Z{ A[Zs H$w]m©Zs Xs & ñdV§ÌVm àmná H${ nbE EH$ _hmZ X¥nï Am¡a AXå` gmhg H${ ]sO 1857 H${ Amg[mg ]m{E JE & Zã]{ df© VH$ ñdV§ÌVm Am§Xm{bZ H${ nbE AZ{H$ à]b Am§Xm{bZ hm{V{ ah{ & h_ma{ ]hwV g{ gmnW`m{§ d Z{VmAm{§ H$m{ O{b _| n_bs `mVZmE§ ñdV§ÌVm Am§Xm{bZ H${ ê$[ _| [nadnV©V hm{H$a _hmË_m Jm§Ys H${ Z{V¥Ëd _| amï­s` bm{H$mMma H${ ê$[ _| gm_Z{ AmB©§ &

_¢Z{ ñdV§ÌVm Am§Xm{bZ H${ gma H$m{ OmZZ{ H$s H$m{nee H$s h¡ & Bgg{ Xm{ [hby gm_Z{ AmV{ h¢- [hbm gdm{©ÀM ]nbXmZ Am¡a g_n[©V VWm EH$m½m« à`mgm{ g{ h_| n_bs ñdV§ÌVm , Xygam-EH$ g§H$ë[Zm H$m{ b{H$a Mb{ Am§Xm{bZ Z{ H$bm Am¡a g§ñH$¥nV , CÚm{J, AmnW©H$ , amOZ¡nVH$ ndn^Þ j{Ìm{§ _| AZ{H$ Z{VmAm{§ H$m{ OÝ_ nX`m &

ñdV§ÌVm H${ ]mX ^maV Z{ ndkmZ Am¡a àm¡Úm{nJH$s H${ ndn^Þ j{Ìm{§ _| , nejm, ñdmñÏ`, D Om© , ImÚ CË[mXZ Am¡a H$¥nf H${ j{Ì _| nde{f C[bnãY`m§ hmngb H$s h¢ & nde{f ê$[ g{ Zmn^H$s` ndkmZ ,ajm, A§Vnaj, g§Mma, _snS`m , gyMZm àm¡Úm{nJH$s Am¡a Am¡fnY`m{§ _| A§Vaamï­s` j{Ì _| h_Z{ A[Zm nde{f ñWmZ ]Zm`m h¡ &

[hbs g§H$ë[Zm H$s Vah- nOgZ{ ndMmam{ _| _{b Am¡a H$m`© _| CÔ{í` H$s EH$Vm g{ ñdV§ÌVm nXbdmZ{ H${ nbE EH$ Am§Xm{bZ àmaå^ nH$`m, h_| EH$ Xygas g§H$ë[Zm H$s ^s AmdíH$Vm h¡ Om{ g_mZ CÔ{í` H${ nbE g_mO H${ g^s dJm{© g{ bm{Jm{§ H$m{ EH$Ì H$a gH${ &

amï­ H$s `h g§H$ë[Zm _V^{Xm{§ Am¡a Nm{Qs gm{M g{ CR{ ndam{Ym{§ H$m{ g_má H$a X{Js &

ß`ma{ X{edmng`m{§ ! _¢ `h Xm{hamZm MmhVm hy§ nH$ Oå_y-H$í_sa ^maV H$m EH$ An^Þ A§J h¡ ,`h A§Vaamï­s` _wÔm Zht h¡ & gs_m [ma g{ AmV§H$dmX H$s [yU© g_mná hm{V{ hs ^maV nÛ[js` dmVm© H${ nbE V¡`ma h¡ & Oå_y-H$í_sa _| gm_mÝ` MwZmd ànH«$`m Mb ahs h¡ &

Oå_y-H$í_sa _| em§nV H$m ew^ma§^ Am¡a g\$b H$m`m©Ýd`Z gwnZnüV H$aZm ]hwV Amdí`H$ h¡ &

h_ma{ gm_Z{ AZ{H$ MwZm¡nV`m§ ^s h¢ & ]ma-]ma H${ AH$mb Am¡a gyI{ H${ nbE C[m` Ty§TZm H$B© j{Ìm{§ _| C[O{ gmåàXmn`H$ Am¡a ^{X^md dmb{ PJSm{§ H$m{ g_má H$aZm Am¡a Mmh{ Oå_y-H$í_sa hm{ `m X{e H$m AÝ` H$m{B© nhñgm A[Z{ bm{Jm{§ H${ XwIm{§ H$m{ g_má H$aZm Am¡a gmW hs AmV§H$dmX H$m _wH$m]bm H$aZ{ H${ nbE H$m{B© ñWmB© C[m` Ty§TZm h¡ &

AmBE A] h_ EH$ XsY©H$mnbH$ g_ñ`m H$s Am{a Ü`mZ X| & X{e H${ EH$ nhñg{ _| gyIm Am¡a Xyga{ _| ]mT ndam{Ym^mg h¡ & gyI{ VWm ]mT H$s `h nñWnV ]ma--]ma [¡Xm hm{Vs h¡ & "dmQa n_eZ' g_` H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡ [`m©daUs` ewÕVm ]ZmE hwE Om{ I{Vm{§ , Jm§dm{§, ZJam{§ Am¡a CÚm{Jm{§ H$m{ df©^a Ob C[bãY H$admEJm & dmQa n_eZ H$m à_wI H$m`© ZnX`m§{ H$m EH$ Z{QdH$© ñWmn[V H$aZm hm{Jm & h_ma{ X{e H$s àm¡Úm{nJH$s` Am¡a [na`m{OZm à]§YZ j_VmE§ Bg_| C[`m{Js hm{ gH$Vs h¡§ $& g_wnMV nZd{e Am¡a XsY©H$mnbH$ `m{OZm g{ Bg ZXs Z{QdnH$©§J H$m{ dmñVndH$Vm H$m ê$[ X{ gH$Vs h¡§ &

BgH${ gmW hs h_ma{ Amg [mg H$m g_wÐ bmJV à^mds àm¡Úm{nJH$s H${ ê$[ _| AbdUsH$aU Ûmam [{` Ob C[bãY H$adm gH$Vm h¡ & Ob g§ajU, Ob H$m{ Xw]mam BñV{_mb H$aZm , ½m«_sU j{Ìm{§ H${ Vmbm]m{§ H$m{ Z`m é[ X{H$a Ob EH$Ì H$aZm AmnX H$wN Aë[mdnY C[m` ^s h¡ & E{g{ H$m`©H«$_m{§ _| [naH$ë[Zm Am¡a [na`m{OZm nZ`m{OZ ñVa [a hs ]hwV g{ bm{Jm{§ H$s gh^mnJVm hm{Zs MmnhE&

Xm{ñVm{ ! A] _¢ Am[H${ gmW h_ma{ X{e H${ nbE EH$ AÝ` OnQb Am¡a _hËd[yU© Amdí`H$Vm [a MMm© H$aZm Mmhy§Jm & g^s X{edmng`m{§ H${ g_mZ ndMmam{§ H${ n]Zm h_ Xygas g§H$ë[Zm H$m`_ Zht aI gH$V{ h¡ & VsZ hOma df© [wamZs neïmMma H$s ndamgV Am¡a AZ{H$dmXs [aå[am h_mas _hmZV_ enº$ h¡ & _¢ gXm ñd`§ g{ àý [yNVm hy§ nH$ h_mas ndamgV H$s enº$ "`m h¡ ? ]hw g§ñH$¥nV`m{§ , Y_m{© Am¡a g§gma H${ H$B© nhñgm{§ H$s OsdZ e¡bs H$m{ n_bmH$a hs ^maVs` OsdZ H$m AmYma ]Zm h¡ & AJa 1857 g{ AmO VH$ X{Im OmE Vm{ h_§{ H$wN AÀN{ AZw^d hwE Am¡a ndMmam{§ _| n^ÞVm H${ [naUm_ñdé[ H$wN g§Kf© ^s hwE &

_¢ A^s JwOamV _| ndn^Þ dJm{© H${ bm{Jm{§ , Z{VmAm{§ , AnYH$mna`m{§ Am¡a ^yH$å[ VWm X§Jm à^mds j{Ìm{§ H${ [wZdm©g H$m`©H$Vm©Am{§ g{ ndMma nd_e© H$aH${ bm¡Qm hy§ & _¢ _hmË_m Jm§Ys Ûmam nZSaVm H$m{ ]Tmdm X{Z{ Am¡a gM H$s Im{O Omas aIZ{ H${ CÔ{í` g{ ñWmn[V gm]a_Vs Aml_ ^s J`m & Aml_ _| H$wN X{a _m¡Z ]¡RH$a _¢Z{ Jm§Ys Os H${ OsdZ H$m ñ_aU nH$`m & _{a{ _Z _{ EH$ à]b ndMma Am`m & `nX h_ A[Zs ì`n"VJV H$nRZmB`m{§ g{ D [a CRH$a Xygam{§ H$s VH$bs\$m{§ H$m{ X{I| Am¡a _hmZ CÔ{í` H${ nbE H$m`© H$a| Vm{ h_ma{ ndMma ñd`§ D§ M{ hm{ OmE§J{ & `nX h_ Bgg{ bm[admh hm{ OmE§J{ Vm{ h_mas gm{M ^s Nm{Qs hm{ OmEJs &

_wP{ ndídmg h¡ nH$ `nX h_ Xygam{ H$m{ g_PZ{ Am¡a gnhîUw ]ZZ{ H$s gm{M b| Vm{ h_ g^s EH$ _hmZ ndMmaH$ H${ ñVa [a [hw§M gH$V{ h¡ & _¢ Ohm§ ^s OmVm hy§ Am¡a O] ]ÀMm{§ Am¡a `wdmAm{§ g{ n_bVm hy§ Vm{ A"ga EH$ àý [yNm OmVm h¡& d{ OmZZm MmhV{ h¢ nH$ " h_ma{ AmXe© H$m¡Z h¢ ? AÜ`m[H$m{§ Am¡a An^^mdH$m{§ H$m{ CXmhaU X{H$a CÝh| OmJéH$ ZmJnaH$ H$s Vah OsZm gsImZm h¡ & ]ÀM{ amï­s` ñVa [a ^s ndn^Þ j{Ìm{§ _| EH$ AmXe© Ty§TV{ h¢ & _§¡Z{ A^s JwOamV H${ H$wN AmXe© [wéfm{§ H$s MMm© H$s h¡ & h_ma{ X{e H${ àË`{H$ amÁ` H${ BnVhmg _{§ E{g{ AmXe© hwE h¢ & g_` Am J`m h¡ O] h_| dV©_mZ _| A[Zm AmXe© Ty§TZm h¡ &

_{am gwPmd h¡ nH$ h_ma{ gm§gX Am¡a ndYm`H$ AÀN{ AmXe© ]ZH$a h_ma{ ]ÀMm{§ H${ ^ndî` H$m{ nXem X| & ndH$ngV ^maV H$s g§H$ë[Zm Am¡a _yë` AmYmnaV amÁ`ì`dñWm ñWmn[V H$aZ{ _| g§gX Am¡a ndYmZg^mAm{§ H$s _hËd[yU© ^yn_H$m h¡& h_| MmnhE nH$ h_ma{ ]ÀM{ g§mgXm{ H$m{ ndH$mgesb ^maV H$s g§H$ë[Zm [a ndMma-nd_e© H$aV{ ,H$m`©`m{OZm ]ZmV{ Am¡a CZH${ nbE _hmZ ndMma Am¡a MwZm¡nV`m§ àñVwV H$aV{ hwE X|I{ Am¡a CÝht amï­s` Z{VmAm{§ H$m{ X{IV{ hwE ]ÀM{ ndH$mg Am¡a àJnV H${ nbE A[Z{ AmXe© Ty§T b|J{ &

_wP{ ndídmg h¡ nH$ h_mam Z{V¥Ëd Am¡a h_ma{ bm{J ndH$mgesb ^maV H$s Xygas g§H$ë[Zm H$m{ àmá H$a b|J{ & AmBE Bg ñdV§ÌVm nXdg [a EH$ ànVkm H$a| nH$ amï­ nH$gs ì`nº$ , g§JRZ Am¡a Xb H$s VwbZm _| AnYH$ _hËd[yU© h¡ &

_¢ ndMmam{ H$s EH$Vm Am¡a OsdZ H${ ha j{Ì _| g\$bVm H${ nbE B©ída g{ àmW©Zm H$aVm hy§ &

O` nhÝX &

dmVm©

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