AmnYH$mnaH$ gyÌm{§ Z{ ]Vm`m nH$ Jm{[mbJ§O oOb{ H{$ ngYdnb`m àI§S H${ J§Jdm§ _| H$b EH$ ]mah dfu` ]ÀM{ H$s Sy] H$a _m¡V hm{ J`s & dht Bgs àI§S H${ ]wnM`m Jm§d _| [mZs H${ V{O ]hmd _| \$§gH$a H$m_{ída _m§Ps H$s _m¡V hm{ J`s &

gyÌm{§ Z{ ]Vm`m nH$ nOb{ _| ]mT H${ H$maU A] VH$ 26 bm{Jm{§ H$s Sy] H$a _m¡V hwB© h¡ nOg_| ]mT g{ gdm©nYH$ à^mndV ]¡H$w§R[wa _| g]g{ AnYH$ AmR bm{Jm{§ H$s OmZ| J`s h¡ & nOb{ H${ &4 _| g{ 11 àI§S H${ EH$ gm¡ [¢Vsg [§Mm`V ]mT H$s M[{Q _| h¡ Am¡a ]mT [snSVm{§ H$m{ g{Zm H$s _XX g{ amhV nendam{§ _| [hw§MmZ{ H$m H$m_ Omas h¡ &

Jm{aI[wa _§S>b A^r ^r ]mT> H$s M[{Q> _|

dht C.à. H{$ Jm{aI[wa _ÊSb H$s à_wI ZnX`m{§§ H${ [mZs H${ ñVa KQZ{ H${ ]mdOyX amás H${ AmR VQ]§Ym{§ g{ AË`nYH$ [mZs H${ ]hmd H${ H$maU X{dna`m Ed§ Jm{aI[wa nOb{ H$m H$m\$s ^mJ A^s ^s ]mT H$s M[{Q _| h¡ &

gaH$mas gyÌm{§ g{ n_bs OmZH$mas H${ AZwgma `Ún[ H$wesZJa _| Zmam`Zs Ed§ ]ShbJ§O _| KmKam ]Ts h¡ &

amás H$m{nhZ Ed§ Jm{as ZnX`m{§ H$m ObñVa Ys_s JnV g{ KQ ahm h¡ nH$ÝVw AmR ]§Ym{§ H$m [mZs Jm{aI[wa H${ XnjUm§Mb d X{dna`m H${ CËVam§Mb _| V]mhs _Mm ahm h¡ &

BZ ZnX`m{§ [a ]Z{ 15 ]§Ym{§ H${ QyQ OmZ{ g{ ]mT H$m [mZs Z`{ j{Ìm{§ H$m{ A[Z{ AmJm{g _| nbE h¡ nOgg{ H$m\$s Jm§d à^mndV hm{ Mb{ h¢ &

gyÌm{§ Z{ ]Vm`m nH$ _USb H${ Mmam{§ nObm{§ _| A] VH$ 65 bm{Jm{§ H$s OmZ| JB© h¢ Ed§ 1800 Jm§dm{§ H$s 23 bmI H$s Am]mXs à^mndV hwB© h¡ & _ÊSb H${ 900 Jm§d Vm{ Mm¡Va\$m [mZs g{ nKa{ h¢ VWm bm{Jm{§ Z{ amhV gm_½m«s H${ A^md H$s neH$m`V| H$s h¢ & bm{Jm{§ H$m H$hZm h¡ nH$ gaH$mas _XX ZJÊ` h¡ VWm g]g{ AnYH$ [a{emZs [sZ{ H${ [mZs H$s h¡ & bm{Jm{§ H$m{ JÝXm [mZs [sZm [S ahm h¡ &

Xygas Am{a gaH$ma H$s Va\$ g{ ]Vm`m J`m h¡ nH$ g{Zm , [s E gs VWm dm`wg{Zm H$s _XX g{ amhV H$m`© Omas h¡ & dm`wg{Zm H${ OdmZm{§ Z{ A] VH$ 20 CSmZ{ ^aH$a ]mT½m«ñV j{Ìm{§ _| 45 QZ ImÚ gm_½m«s nJamB© h¡ & amhV Am¡a ]Mmd H$m`© _| g{Zm H${ gmW- gmW àemgZ [yas Vah g{ OwQ J`m h¡ & bm{Jm{§ H$m{ gwanjV ñWmZm{§ [a [hw§MmZ{ H${ nb`{ 1819 Zmd| VWm gmV _m{Qa ]m{Q| bJmB© J`s h¡ &

Jm{aI[wa H${ A[a nObmnYH$mas (àemgZ ) [s H${ lsdmñVd Z{ ]Vm`m nH$ ]§Ym{§ H${ H$QZ{ g{ Jm{aI[wa H$m XnjUs j{Ì VWm X{dna`m H${ éÐ[wa H$m CËVas j{Ì ]was Vah g{ à^mndV hm{ J`m h¡ Am¡a H$_ g{ H$_ 115 Jm§d ]mT H$s M[{Q _| Am JE h¢ &

EH$ gaH$mas ndkná _| ]Vm`m J`m h¡ nH$ gaH$ma Z{ amhV H${ ê [ _| ]mT à^mndV bm{Jm{§ H$m{ 1.17 H$am{S é[`{ H$s YZamne Ah{VwH$ ghm`Vm Ed§ AZw½m«h ghm`Vm H${ ê[ _| Xs h¡ &

Jm{aI[wa H${ nObmnYH$mas _h{e H$w_ma Jwá H${ AZwgma amás H$m X]md `Ún[ Ysa{-Ysa{ H$_ hm{ ahm h¡ n\$a ^s XnjUs eha A^s ^s IVa{ _| h¡ & ]§Ym{§ H$s nñWnV A^s ^s [mZs H${ X]md H${ H$maU OO©a ]Zs hwB© h¡ & àemgZ ]§Ym{§ H$s nZJamZs _| bJm hwAm h¡ VWm nagmd am{H$Z{ H$m à`mg Omas h¡ &

dmVm©

Bg na[m{Q>© H{$ ]ma{ _| Am[H$s am` ·`m h¡?