kyfs_y„ _pd bv$gu_¡ fp¡S>Npf_Nf `pX$u iL$pe. Ap il¡f_u dp¡V$pC R>¡ L¡$ s¡_p¡ lufpDÛp¡N L„$CL$ A¡hu fus¡ rhL$õep¡ R>¡ L¡$ cp„N¡gp„ NpdX$p„Ap¡_p„ Ly$Vy„$bp¡_p eyhp_ v$uL$fp_¡ s¡Z¡ fp¡S>Npf v$u^p¡ R>¡.

kyfs_p¡ lufpDÛp¡N R> gpM L$pfuNfp¡_¡ fp¡S>Npfu Ap`¡ R>¡. R>¡ëgp„ 150 hj®\u kyfs lufpDÛp¡N_y„ L¡$ÞÖ füy„ R>¡. 1960 `R>u kyfsdp„ lufpDÛp¡N¡ TX$`\u rhL$pk kpÝep¡. 20 hj® `|h£ kyfsdp„\u dp„X$ A¡L$ L$fp¡X$ êr`ep_p lufp_u r_L$pk \su lsu, Äepf¡ ApS>¡ hj£v$lpX¡$ 30 lÅf L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_p lufp_u kyfs\u r_L$pk \pe R>¡. kyfs_p fÐ_ Ok_pfp L$gpL$pfp¡A¡ `p¡qgíX$ L$f¡gp lufp vy$r_epcfdp„ dil|f R>¡.

R>¡ëgp„ v$k hj®dp„ A„v$pS>¡ bpf gpM\u h^y kp¥fpô²$hpkuAp¡ A_¡ buÅ„ fpÄep¡_p cpfsuep¡ fp¡Æfp¡V$u_u sgpidp„ kyfs il¡fdp„ Apìep R>¡. 1991_u hkrsNZsfu dyS>b kyfs_u Ly$g hkrs 14 gpM lsu. ApS>¡ kyfs il¡f_u hkrs 28 gpM\u h^y A„v$pS>hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. kyfs_p S>fu, lufp A_¡ V¡$¼kV$pBg DÛp¡Ndp„ fp¡S>Npfu_u rh`yg sL$p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ õ\mp„sf L$f_pfpAp¡ dpV¡$ kyfs ApL$j®Z_y„ dy¿e L¡$ÞÖ füy„ R>¡.

v$p¡Y$kp¡ hj® `|h£ kyfs A_¡ _hkpfudp„ fa lufp_¡ `p¡qgi L$fhp dpV¡$ A¡L$-A¡L$ O„V$u Qpgsu lsu. iê$Apsdp„ kyfs_p¡ lufpDÛp¡N hp¡fpb„^yAp¡_p lp\dp„ lsp¡. 50 hj® `|h£ `pg_`yf\u S>¥_ âÅ kyfsdp„ Aphu A_¡ lufp_p¡ ìehkpe s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p lõsL$ L$ep£.

kp¥fpô²$dp„ A¡L$ `R>u A¡L$ cep_L$ vy$óL$pm `X$sp Nep A_¡ Mdufh„su kp¥fpô²$_u âÅ dy„bC A_¡ kyfs sfa rlS>fs L$fsu NC. 40 hj® `|h£ kyfs Aph¡gp kp¥fpô²$_p eyhp_p¡A¡ lufp_p ^„^pdp„ lp\ AS>dpìep¡. Ðepf bpv$ kss kp¥fpô²$\u rlS>fs Qpgy flu. ApS>¡ kyfs_p lufpDÛp¡Ndp„ L$pd L$fsp 95 V$L$p L$pfuNfp¡ d|m kp¥fpô²$_p R>¡. R> gpM kp¥fpô²$hpkuAp¡A¡ kyfs_p lufpbÅf_¡ L$pfZ¡ kyfs_¡ `p¡sp_y„ L$pedu fl¡W$pZ b_pìey„ R>¡.

kyfs_p lufpDÛp¡Ndp„ b¡[ëS>ed, friep A_¡ buÅ A_¡L$ v¡$ip¡dp„\u fa lufp dNphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. fa lufp_¡ L$V$ L$fu_¡ `p¡qgi L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðepf bpv$ lufp_u M`s ^fphsp„ `ròd_p„ fpô²$p¡dp„ r_L$pk L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. kyfsdp„ s¥epf \e¡gp lufp_y„ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy„$ bÅf R>¡. Ad¡qfL$p D`fp„s Å`p_, eyfp¡`_p rhrh^ v¡$ip¡, lp¢NL$p¢N, \pBg¡ÞX$, Ap¡õV²¡$rgepdp„ kyfs_p lufp_u r_L$pk \pe R>¡. 50 hj® `l¡gp„ rhð_p lufpDÛp¡N_p L¡$ÞÖdp„ BTfpeg_u dp¡_p¡`p¡gu lsu. ApS>¡ BTfpeg A_¡ friepdp„ fa lufp_¡ `p¡qgi L$fhp_y„ L$pd dp¡V$p `pe¡ Qpg¡ R>¡, `f„sy `p¡qgíX$ lufp_p bÅfdp„ cpfs_y„ kyfs â\d ¾$d¡ R>¡. kyfsdp„ s¥epf \sp `p¡qgíX$ lufp dy„bC\u r_L$pk L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

kyfs_p lufpbÅfdp„ L$pd L$fsp A„v$pS>¡ R> gpM L$pfuNfp¡ drl_¡ Qpf lÅf\u A¡L$ gpM ê$r`ep ky^u L$dpC g¡ R>¡. kde bv$gpsp„ lufpDÛp¡Ndp„ A_¡L$ ¾$p„qsL$pfu a¡fapfp¡ \ep R>¡. 40 hj® `|h£ lufp_u O„V$u lp\\u Qgphhpdp„ Aphsu Ðepf `R>u Bg¡[¼V²$L$ dp¡V$f_p¡ eyN Apìep¡. v$k hj® `|h£ Ap¡V$p¡d¡qV$L$ g¡kf diu_p¡ Apìep„. R>¡ëgp„ `p„Q hj®\u L$çàeyV$fpBT¹X$ rkõV$d v$pMg \C. lufpDÛp¡N_u Mprkes A¡ R>¡ L¡$ _hu V¡$¼_p¡gp¡Æ Apìep bpv$ L$pfuNfp¡ b¡L$pf _\u bÞep, `f„sy _hu V¡$¼_p¡gp¡Æ_u kp\p¡kp\ h^y _¡ h^y L$pfuNfp¡_u AphíeL$sp Ecu \C R>¡.

kyfsdp„ fa lufp_¡ `p¡qgi L$fhp_p A„v$pS>¡ 15,000 eyr_V$ R>¡. khp gpM O„V$u `f qv$hk-fps fa lufp_¡ Qp¡½$k ApL$pf Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. NyS>fpsdp„ huk gpM gp¡L$p¡ lufpDÛp¡N kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gp R>¡. kyfs D`fp„s Adv$phpv$dp„ b¡ gpM A_¡ cph_Nfdp„ A¡L$ gpM L$pfuNfp¡ fa lufp_¡ OkuOku_¡ QdL$ph¡ R>¡. lufpDÛp¡Ndp„ âv|$jZ Ap¡Ry>„ R>¡ A_¡ `pZu_p¡ _rlhs¹ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡. lufp Okhp dpV¡$ L$p¡C cZsf L¡$ qX$N°u_u AphíeL$sp _\u. hj£ L¡$ÞÖ kfL$pf_¡ 30 lÅf L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_y„ rhv¡$iu l|„qX$epdZ âpàs \pe R>¡. lufpDÛp¡N_p L$pfuNfp¡_y„ L$p¡C eyr_e_ _\u. s¡\u, c|sL$pmdp„ s¡d_y„ cpf¡ ip¡jZ \e¡gy„ R>¡. Å¡L¡$ lh¡ [õ\rs ky^fu R>¡ L$pfZ L¡$ lufpbÅf s¡Ædp„ lp¡e L¡$ _ lp¡e V¡$g¡ÞV¡$X$ dpZkp¡_y„ bÅf l„d¡ip„ s¡Ædp„ lp¡e R>¡.

kyfsdp„ s¥epf \sp v$f 100dp„\u 99 lufp_u r_L$pk \pe R>¡, Äepf¡ v$f kp¡dp„\u dpÓ A¡L$ lufp¡ õ\pr_L$ bÅfdp„ Åe R>¡. \p¡X$p kde `l¡gp„ fpÄe kfL$pf¡ lufp `f h¡QpZh¡fp¡ _p¿ep¡ lsp¡, `f„sy `pR>m\u h¡QpZh¡fp¡ _pb|v$ L$ep£. L¡$ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ r_L$pk Üpfp \su AphL$ `f AphL$h¡fp¡ g¡hp_y„ _½$u L$fsp„ lufpDÛp¡Ndp„ OZu r_fpip a¡gpC R>¡.

kyfsdp„ lufp `f Å¡b hL®$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. R>¡ëgp L¡$V$gpL$ kde\u h¥rðL$ d„v$u A_¡ cpf¡ õ`^p®_¡ L$pfZ¡ _ap_y„ ^p¡fZ OV$éy„ R>¡. "X$ped„X¹$k Apf ap¡f A¡hf' A¡ D[¼s AÐepf ky^u kpQu lsu, `f„sy R>¡ëgp L¡$V$gpL$ kde\u kyfs_p¡ lufp DÛp¡N `Z d„v$udp„\u bpL$ps _\u. `p¡qgíX$ lufp_y„ DÐ`pv$_ kss h^sy„ Åe R>¡, `f„sy A¡_u kpd¡ h¡QpZ h^sy„ _\u. `f„sy kyfsdp„ lufp_p h¡`pfuAp¡_¡ g¡bf `fhX¡$ s¡hu R>¡ s¡\u gp„bp Npm¡ lufpbÅf_¡ afL$ _l] `X¡$.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?