kyfs_¡ NyS>fps_y„ Apr\®L$ `pV$_Nf L$l¡hpe R>¡. kyfs qkL$ (dp„vy$„) rkV$u L$l¡hpe R>¡. kyfs_¡ gl¡fugpgpAp¡_y„ il¡f L$l¡hpe R>¡. kyfsdp„ L$ëQf_p¡ Acph R>¡ A¡d L$l¡hpe R>¡. kyfs_p gp¡L$p¡dp„ V¡$õV$_p¡ (kyfsu bl¡_p¡ gpg, `ump, gugp f„N_u kpX$uAp¡ Mfuv¡$) Acph R>¡ A¡d Mpk L$l¡hpe R>¡. kyfs S>¡hu v$pv$ L$gpL$pfp¡_¡ buÅ L$p¡C il¡fdp„ dmsu _\u A¡d L$l¡hpe R>¡. A_¡ A¡hy„ `Z L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ kyfs v¡$i_y„ A¡L$ kp¥\u õhÃR> il¡f R>¡.

kyfs_u kpQu Ap¡mM L$C R>¡? iy„ kyfs_¡ "Ap¡mM'_u kdõep ksphu flu R>¡?

1994dp„ àg¡N ÓpV$¼ep¡ A¡ `l¡gp„ kyfs_¡ Ap¡mM_u L$p¡C kdõep ksphsu _lp¡su. rhQpfL$ NyZh„s ipl\u dp„X$u_¡ fÐ_L$gpL$pf NyZh„s `V¡$g A¡L$u AhpS>¡ L$lu iL$sp L¡$ kyfs S>¡V$gy„ N„vy„$ il¡f buSy>„ A¡L¡$e _\u. kyfs S>¡V$gp rb_ÅN°s, V²$pqaL$ k¡Þk hNf_p, kp„õL©$rsL$ V¡$õV$ hNf_p gp¡L$p¡ L$dk¡ L$d NyS>fps_p„ buÅ„ L$p¡C il¡fdp„ sp¡ Å¡hp _l] S> dm¡. Apr\®L$ kd©qÙ_u bpbsdp„ ky`fkp¡r_L$ õ`uX¡$ ApNm h^¡gy„ kyfs OZu b^u bpbsp¡dp„ `pR>m flu Ney„ lsy„ A_¡ kyfs `f "A¡k.Apf.fph' _pd_p¡ Åvy$ \ep¡.

àg¡N_¡ L$pfZ¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ bv$_pd \C Ne¡gp kyfs_¡ Qp¡¿My„ L$fhp dpV¡$ çeyr_rk`g L$rdi_f sfuL¡$ k|e®v¡$hfp fph_u r_dZ|L$ \C. `p¡sp_u _p¡-_p¡_k¡Þk L$pe®`Ùqs dpV¡$ ÅZusp A¡k.Apf. fph¡ A¡hy„ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ a¼s kyfs_u k|fs S> _l] kyfsuAp¡_u dp_rkL$sp `Z bv$gu _pMu. \p¡X$p drl_pAp¡dp„ kyfs Qp¡¿My„QZpL$ sp¡ b_u Ney„, `f„sy Q„X$uNY$ `R>u v¡$i_p kp¥\u õhÃR> il¡f sfuL¡$_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ `Z Æsu Ney„. Ap "L$pep`gV$' L$p¡C_¡ `Z dp_hu AOfu gpN¡ A¡hu lsu.

kyfs[õ\s dpfp¡ A¡L$ rdÓ 1986dp„ Ad¡qfL$p õ\peu \ep¡ lsp¡. bfpbf v$k hj® `R>u A¡V$g¡ L¡$ 1996dp„ A¡ Äepf¡ afu\u kyfs Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ f¡gh¡ õV¡$i_\u A¡_p Of ky^u_u epÓp v$frdep_ apV¡$gu Ap„M¡ Qpf¡sfa Å¡sp¡ S> füp¡. A¡ dp_u S> _lp¡sp¡ iL$sp¡ L¡$ kyfs_y„ åe|qV$qaL¡$i_ ApV$gu TX$`¡ \C Ney„. A¡L$ v$peL$p `l¡gp„ NuQ V²$pqaL$, kp„L$X$p fõsp, N„v$L$u A_¡ fp¡rN›$ lhpdp__¡ L$pfZ¡ S>¡ il¡f AR|>s NZpsy„ lsy„ A¡_u NZ_p ApS>¡ î¡›$ fl¡hpgpeL$ il¡fp¡dp„ \pe R>¡.

ApS>¡ kyfsdp„ rhipm-`lp¡mp fõsp R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_p rhõspfp¡dp„ N„v$L$u A_¡ L$Qfp¡ lh¡ cpÁe¡ S> Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. hkqsh^pfp_p¡ v$f TX$`u lp¡hp R>sp„ ep¡Áe V$pD_àgpq_„N_¡ L$pfZ¡ il¡f_p L$p¡C `Z A¡L$ rhõspf `f hkrs_y„ cpfZ h^y gpNsy„ _\u. Adv$phpv$_p ku.Æ. fp¡X$_¡ V$½$f dpf¡ A¡ fus¡ ip¡q`„N dpV¡$ kyfs_p¡ Op¡X$v$p¡X$ fp¡X$ rhL$ku füp¡ R>¡.

kyfs-Xy$dk fp¡X$ `f ip¡q`„N L$p¡çàg¡[¼kk, qfkp¡V¹®$k, f¡õV$p¡fp„ A_¡ l¡ë\ ¼$gåk Apìep„ R>¡. S|>_p il¡f_p cpNm, Qp¥V$pbÅf, _pZphV$, drl^f`fp L¡$ b¡Nd`fp S>¡hp rhõspfp¡ `Z Ap^yr_L$ b_u Nep R>¡. 1992-93dp„ L$p¡dhpv$u sp¡ap_p¡, 1994dp„ `|f A_¡ àg¡N_u Apas s¡d S> 1998dp„ Aph¡gp dlp`|f_¡ L$pfZ¡ \e¡gu spfpÆdp„\u kyfs ^pfhp L$fsp„ M|b TX$`\u b¡Wy„$ \C Ney„ lsy„. Y$ugp-`p¡Qp NZpsp kyfsuAp¡_u Apasp¡_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp_u spL$ps NS>b_u R>¡. kyfsdp„ Brslpk_p¡ Aæepk L$f_pf_¡ ¿epg Aphi¡ L¡$ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$„ hphpTp¡Xy„$, suX$_p¡ D`Öh, cpf¡ ApN, dlp`|f A_¡ dlpdpfu_p¡ cp¡N kyfs hpf„hpf bÞey„ R>¡. \p¡X$p„ hjp£ `l¡gp„ X¡$ÞÁey (X¡$ÞNu) A_¡ ap[ëk`¡fd d¡g¡qfep_u v¡$idp„ iê$Aps kyfs\u S> \C lsu, `f„sy A¡k.Apf. fph_u kapCTy„b¡i_¡ `qfZpd¡ R>¡ëgp„ `p„Q hj®\u kyfsdp„ X¡$ÞÁey A_¡ ap[ëk`¡fd d¡g¡qfep_p v$v$}Ap¡ _Æhp _p¢^pep R>¡.

fp¡Æfp¡V$u_u ip¡^ dpV¡$ Ap¡qfkp, DÑf âv¡$i, rblpf A_¡ Ap„^° âv¡$i\u kyfsdp„ v$ffp¡S> dpZkp¡ W$ghpsp S> fl¡ R>¡. kyfs_p D^_p, tgbpes, `p„X¡$kfp S>¡hp Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ rhõspfp¡dp„ rb_NyS>fpsu L$pdv$pfp¡ hkhpV$ L$f¡ R>¡ sp¡ hfpR>p fp¡X$, L$spfNpd A_¡ h¡X$ fp¡X$ S>¡hp rhõspfp¡_¡ kp¥fpô²$hpkuAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_p„ "hs_' b_pìep„ R>¡. hfpR>p fp¡X$ A_¡ L$p`p¡Öp S>¡hp rhõspfp¡dp„ S>_pf_¡ A¡d S> gpN¡ L¡$ A¡ kp¥fpô²$_p L$p¡C _Nfdp„ Aphu `lp¢Ãep¡ R>¡. R>L$X$p¡ qfnp\u dp„X$u_¡ `pOX$u `l¡fu Ap¡V$gp D`f b¡ku V$p¡mV$à`p L$fsp h©Ùp¡ ky^u_y„ Ap rhõspfp¡_y„ `|f¡`|fy„ L$pqW$ephpX$uL$fZ \C Ney„ R>¡.

ApS>¡ kyfs_u hkrs 28 gpM\u h^y R>¡. lufp DÛp¡N `f kp¥fpô²$hpkuAp¡_u `L$X$ R>¡. V¡$¼kV$pBg DÛp¡Ndp„ `„ÅbuAp¡ A_¡ dpfhpX$uAp¡_y„ hQ®õh h^u Ney„ R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_p„ DÛp¡NN©lp¡dp„ L$pfuNfp¡ sfuL¡$ dfpW$uAp¡, DÑf âv¡$ihpkuAp¡ A_¡ Ap¡qfkphpkuAp¡ R>¡. sm kyfsuAp¡ ApS>¡ kyfsdp„ gOydsudp„ R>¡. ApS>¡ kyfsdp„ d¡ef, eyr_hrk®V$u_p„ hpBk QpÞk¡gf, çeyr_rk`g L$rdi_f, `p¡guk L$rdi_f, ¼g¡¼V$f A¡d sdpd lp¡Øp D`f rb_NyS>fpsuAp¡ L¡$ rb_kyfsuAp¡ R>¡. S|>_u `¡Y$u_p kyfsuAp¡_¡ Ap hps L$W¡$ R>¡. A¡dp„_p L¡$V$gpL$ kss aqfepv$ L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ dp¡V$p cpN_p rb_kyfsuAp¡ _ursr_edp¡ L$p¡fpZ¡ d|L$u_¡ ^„^p-ìep`pf L$f¡ R>¡ A¡V$g¡ A¡d_u kp\¡ õ`^p®dp„ V$L$hy„ dyíL¡$g b_u Åe. Ap aqfepv$dp„ L¡$V$g¡L$ A„i¡ kÐe_p A„i lp¡hp R>sp„ A¡ k„`|Z® fus¡ kpQu _\u. kyfs_u fpZp, MÓu A_¡ Op„Qu S>¡hu L$pfuNf âÅ dl¡_sdp„ L$p¡C\u `pR>m `X¡$ A¡hu _\u. kyfs_p L$p¡V$ rhõspfdp„ lÆ ApS>¡ `Z smkyfsuAp¡_p„ Ofp¡dp„ g|çk `f Of_u drlgpAp¡ S> L$p`XhZpV$_y„ L$pd L$f¡ R>¡. Ap Of-k„Qp Qp¡huk¡ L$gpL$ Qpgy fl¡ R>¡.

S>¡ hMs¡ ê$qY$Qyõs kdpS>dp„ v$pê$ `uhp¡ R>p¡R> NZpsp¡ A¡ hMs¡ `Z kyfs_u fpZp L¡$ MÓu kdpS>_u L¡$V$guL$ drlgpAp¡ A¡d_p Of_p `yfyjp¡_¡ "`uhp'dp„ L„$`_u Ap`su A_¡ kpdprS>L$ fus¡ `Z A¡ õhuL$pe® lsy„. fpZp L$p¡ddp„ sp¡ gÁ_âk„N lp¡e L¡$ d©Ðeyâk„N kyfp`p_ L$fphhy„ S> `X¡$ A¡hu kpdprS>L$ â\p Adgdp„ lsu. Å¡L¡$ lh¡ rinZ_y„ âdpZ h^sp„ õdip_dp„ S> `„Ns b¡kpX$u v$pê$ `ufkhp_u â\p b„^ \C R>¡ Mfu.

V¡$¼kV$pBg A_¡ lufp DÛp¡N_u âNqs_u kp\¡ kyfs\u 30 qL$gp¡duV$f v|$f Aph¡gp lÆfp Mps¡ ÅeÞV$ DÛp¡Np¡_u iê$Aps \C A¡V$g¡ kyfs_p bp„^L$pd DÛp¡Ndp„ `Z s¡Æ Aphu. v$qfepqL$_pf¡ Aph¡gp lÆfp rhõspfdp„ qfgpeÞk `¡V²$p¡L¡$rdL$ëk, Ap¡.A¡_.Æ.ku., gpk®_ A¡ÞX$ Vy$b°p¡, L©$cL$p¡ s¡d S> A¡õkpf S>¡hp dlpL$pe DÛp¡Np¡ õ\`pep R>¡. Apdp„\u L¡$V$gpL$ DÛp¡NN©lp¡A¡ lÆfp rhõspfdp„ S> L$d®QpfuAp¡_p fl¡W$pZ dpV¡$ rhipm L$p¡gp¡_uAp¡ b_phu R>¡. Al]_p dp¡V$p cpN_p„ DÛp¡NN©lp¡_u `p¡sp_u S>¡Ë$uAp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡ dNvëgp b„v$f dpfas¡ ìehlpf L$f¡ R>¡.

kyfsdp„ L$p¡õdp¡`p¡qgV$_ L$ëQf_p¡ rhL$pk \hp\u kyfsuAp¡_u MpZu`uZu A_¡ kpdprS>L$ fusqfhpÅ¡_u `Ùrsdp„ `Z `qfhs®_ Apìey„ R>¡. lh¡ kyfsdp„ `„Åbu, tk^u, dpfhpX$u A_¡ b„NpmuAp¡_p sl¡hpfp¡_u DS>hZu `Z dp¡V$p `pe¡ \pe R>¡. kyfsdp„ lÆ `Z Opfu A_¡ O¡bf A¡V$gp„ S> gp¡L$râe R>¡ S>¡V$gp `l¡gp„ lsp„, `f„sy R>¡ëgp„ \p¡X$p„ hjp£\u b„Npmu duW$pC_u vy$L$p_p¡ `Z W¡$f W¡$f iê$ \C NC R>¡. MdZ A_¡ crS>ep„ lÆ `Z kyfsuAp¡_p„ râe R>¡, `f„sy kp\¡ kp\¡ QpB_uT awX$_u gpfuAp¡ A_¡ dpfhpX$u MpZu`uZu_u vyL$$p_p¡_u k„¿ep `Z h^u NC R>¡.

hX$p¡v$fp, `p¡fb„v$f L¡$ Adv$phpv$_u S>¡d kyfsdp„ lÆ ky^u L$p¡C Ap¡N£_pBT¹X$ N¢N Ny_pMp¡fu_u vy$r_epdp„ ^pL$ S>dphu iL$u _\u. Apd R>sp„ ip„s A_¡ X$f`p¡L$ NZpsp kyfsuAp¡ lh¡ tlkL$ b_u iL¡$ R>¡. bpbfuÝh„k `R>u 1992-93dp„ kyfsdp„ S>¡ tlkL$ L$p¡dhpv$u sp¡ap_p¡ \ep„, A¡_u L$p¡C$A¡ L$ë`_p `Z _lp¡su L$fu. \p¡X$p„ hjp£ `l¡gp„ g¡ML$-rhQpfL$ NyZh„s ipl L$l¡sp L¡$ : ""Äep„ ky^u NpmpNpmu\u `s¡ Ðep„ ky^u kyfsugpgp¡ dpfpdpfu ky^u _\u `lp¢Qsp¡.'' Å¡L¡$ lh¡ kyfsugpgp¡ bv$gpC Nep¡ R>¡. kyfs `Z bv$gpC Ney„ R>¡. Apd Å¡hp S>CA¡ sp¡ Ap`Zu vy$r_epdp„ A_¡ Ap`Zp Æh_dp„ ipðs R>¡ `Z iy„?

skhufp¡ :
(1) kyfs_„y _hy„ f¡gh¡ õV¡$i_
(2) L$rh _d®v$

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?