qv$_¡i fpl¡Å

Ap A¥rslprkL$ qaëd S>¡_p cìe dl¡gp¡ A_¡ azhpfpAp¡ Ap`Zp„ dlpLpìep¡_u epv$ A`phu v¡$ R>¡ A_¡ S>¡_u â¡d dpV¡$_u T„M_p cgcgp_p ùv$e_¡ fX$phu d|L¡$ R>¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ dpÓ A¡V$gy„ S> L$lu iL$pe L¡$ Ap qaëd L$mp_p¡ A¡L$ DÑd _d|_p¡ R>¡.

`qfZpd¡ dyNg-A¡-ApTd rlÞv$u qaëd BÞX$õV²$u_u Å¡hu S> `X¡$ A¡hu ¼gprkL$ qaëdp¡dp„_u A¡L$ R>¡.

¾¡$qX$V$
r_dp®sp	qv$Áv$i®L$	k„NusL$pf	L$gpL$pfp¡
L¡$. Apqka	L¡$. Apqka	_p¥ipv$	`©ÕhufpS> L$`|f, qv$gu`Ly$dpf, d^ybpgp

Ap qaëd DÐL$V$ gpNZuAp¡, b¡^pfu sghpf S>¡hp k„hpv$p¡, ùv$edp„ hku Åe A¡hy„ k„Nus A_¡¡ i[¼sipmu A¡[¼V„$N_p¡ kdÞhe R>¡. A_¡ Ap ApMu dpepÅm_p L¡$ÞÖdp„ R>¡ d^ybpgp_y„ AL$ëàe kp¦v$e®.

Ap qaëd_p r_dpZ£ L¡$.Apqka `pk¡ s¡_p Æh__p¡ A¡L$ ApMp¡ v$kL$p¡ A_¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ ê$r`ep MQp®ìep lsp.

qaëd_u iê$Apsdp„ il¡_ipl AL$bf_¡ DOpX$p `N¡ Qpgsp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Apìep R>¡ S>¡ k¥Þe\u O¡fpe¡gp R>sp„ dyNg kpd°pÄe_p¡ hpfkp¡ k„cpm_pf `yÓâp[às_u BÃR>p\u epÓp L$fhp Åe R>¡. Ap epÓp_p amõhê$`¡ s¡d_¡ Ðep„ kgud_p¡ S>Þd \pe R>¡. hlpgkp¡ep fpS>Ly$dpf_¡ v$pê$ A_¡ ky„v$fuAp¡_u S>„Åmdp„ g`¡V$psp¡ Å¡C r`sp AL$bf s¡_¡ DÑd il¡_ipl b_hp dpV¡$_u spgud Ap`hp_p Bfpv¡$ fZdp¡fQ¡ dp¡L$gu Ap`¡ R>¡.

ApMu qaëddp„ AL$bf r`sp sfuL¡$_u afS> L$fsp„ fpÅ sfuL¡$_u afS>_¡ h^pf¡ dlÒh Ap`¡ R>¡.

kgud (qv$gu`Ly$dpf) dp¡V$p¡ \C ApL$j®L$ ep¡Ùp¡ b_u_¡ `pR>p¡ Aph¡ R>¡. s¡_p lp\ cg¡¡ gp¡lu\u MfX$pe¡gp R>¡ `Z s¡_y„ ùv$e iyÙ kp¦v$e®_u âp[às dpV$¡ gpgpres R>¡. s¡ k„õ\p_hpv$_p rhfp¡^u rië`L$pf (Ly$dpf)_u kÆh `|smu sfa ApL$jp®e R>¡. Ap `|smu A¡V$g¡ _pqv$fp (d^ybpgp) S>¡ kp^pfZ lp¡hp R>sp„ Akp^pfZ kp¦v$e® ^fph¡ R>¡.

L$©óZ S>Þd_p Ahkf `f _pqv$fpA¡ âõsys L$f¡gp _©Ðe\u Myi \C AL$bf s¡_¡ A_pfL$gu_p¡ rMspb Ap`¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ iplu v$fbpf_u _©Ðep„N_p b_ph¡ R>¡.

`f„sy kgud sp¡ s¡_p\u `Z ApNm S>C s¡_¡ `p¡sp_p ùv$e_u fpZu b_ph¡ R>¡. _pqv$fp A_¡ kgud b„_¡_p ùv$edp„ Qygbygu kyf¥ep â¡d_u Äep¡s âNV$ph¡ R>¡ S>¡ ^uf¡^uf¡ ApN b_u b„_¡_¡ bpmhp dp„X¡$ R>¡. b„_¡_p â¡d_u Ap ApN rlÞvy$õsp__u drgL$p b_hp_p„ k`_p„ Å¡su blpf_¡ Cóep®\u bpmu_¡ MpM L$fu d|L¡$ R¡. lufp S>¡hu QdL$su `Z W„$X$uNpf blpf_u Ap„Mp¡ fpS>Ly$dpf A_¡ s¡_u rdgL$s b„_¡ `f R>¡ A_¡ s¡ kgud s\p A_pfL$gu_p â¡d_p¡ A„s ApZhp L$p¡C `Z sL$ Q|L$su _\u. kss spS> `f S> S>¡_u _S>f R>¡ A¡hu blpf_y„ dp_hy„ R>¡ L¡$ spS> D_L¡$ L$fub _l] lp¡sp Æ_L¡$ L$fub Mp¥a lp¡sp l¥.

blpf Üpfp AL$bf_¡ kgud A_¡ A_pfL$gu_p fpÓurdg__u ÅZ \pe R>¡.

L¡$. Apqka_u qv$Áv$i®L$ sfuL¡$_u L$pb¡qges sp¡ Ðepf¡ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡ Äepf¡ AL$bf AQp_L$ huS>mu_u S>¡d kgud_p Ap¡fX$pdp„ O|ku Aph¡ R>¡. Al] qv$Áv$i®L$ iåv$p¡_p¡ D`ep¡N _\u L$fsp„ bgL¡$ dpÓ A_pfL$gu_¡ kgud_u bp„lp¡dp„ b¡lp¡i L$fu _pM¡ R>¡, S>¡ `X$sp„ `X$sp„ kgud_p Nmp_u dp¡su_u dpmp sp¡X$u _pM¡ R>¡¡ A_¡ A¡ S>du_ `f `X$sp„ dp¡suAp¡_p¡ AhpS> ce„L$f dp¥__¡ ^y°Åhu Åe R>¡. Ap AhpS>_¡ L$pfZ¡ ApMp ×íe_u Akf h^pf¡ O¡fu b_¡ R>¡.

A¡L$ hpf sp¡ AL$bf A_pfL$gu_¡ S>¡gdp„ _pMu v¡$ R>¡ `Z dp„X$ dp„X$ blpf _uL$m¡gu A_pfL$gu v$fbpfdp„ S>b àepf qL$ep sp¡ X$f_p ¼ep Nus NpC_¡ S>¡ fus¡ S>„N_y„ A¡gp_ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_p\u AL$bf afu `pR>p¡ huaf¡ R>¡. Nyõkp\u s¡_y„ ApMy„ dp¡Yy„$ gpg \C Åe R>¡. `f„sy kgud_p ùv$e_¡ dpsp Å¡^pbpC_p¡ â¡d, AL$bf_p kgud_¡ `p¡sp_u afÅ¡ âÐe¡ ÅN°s L$fhp_p âeÐ_p¡ L¡$ kgud A_¡ AL$bf hÃQ¡_y„ eyÙ S>¡dp„ lpep® bpv$ Å¡ kgud A_pfL$gu_¡ AL$bf_p spb¡ _l] L$f¡ sp¡ s¡_¡ v¡$lp„sv„$X$ Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡ s¡hu ^dL$u `Z kgud_p ùv$e_¡ bv$gu iL$sp„ _\u.

DíL¡$fpe¡gp¡ AL$bf A_pfL$gu_¡ Æhsu v$uhpgdp„ QZu _pMhp_p¡ lzL$d Ap`¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ A_pfL$gu_¡ s¡_u R>¡ëgu BÃR>p `|R>hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ kgud kp\¡ A¡L$ fps s¡_u fpZu sfuL¡$ Npmhp_u BÃR>p ìeL$s L$f¡ R>¡ S>¡\u kgud¡ s¡_¡ Ap`¡gy„ hQ_ `|fy„ \pe. s¡_u Ap BÃR>p d„S|f fpMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. `fd Ap_„v$_u fpÓu bpv$ khpf \sp„ S> AL$bf_p Qp¡L$uv$pfp¡ Aphu_¡ A_pfL$gu_¡ l„d¡i dpV¡$ kgud\u v|$f gC Spe R>¡.

`f„sy iy„ Ap fps A_pfL$gu_p Æh__u R>¡ëgu fps b_¡ R>¡?

Apqka `p¡sp_u ApNhu Av$p\u qaëd_p¡ A„s ApZ¡ R>¡.

ApMu qaëddp„ kyf¥ep_¡ kgud_p dl¡g A_¡ A_pfL$gu_p Of_u hÃQ¡ v$p¡X$su v$ip®hhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. b„_¡ Ofp¡ hÃQ¡_y„ Ap gp„by„ A„sf b„_¡ â¡duAp¡_p kpdprS>L$ õsf hÃQ¡_p A„sf_¡ `Z ky„v$f fus¡ q_ê$`¡ R>¡.

Apf. X$u. dp\yf_u qk_¡d¡V$p¡N°pau qaëd_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy„$ S>dp `pky„ R>¡. `R>u A¡ r`sp-`yÓ hÃQ¡_p eyÙ_y„ ×íe lp¡e L¡$ `R>u gpNZuAp¡_¡ hi \e¡gu A_pfL$gu_p Ql¡fp_¡ kgud `]R>p\u kl¡gphu füp¡¡ R>¡ s¡ Øíe lp¡e. `f„sy kp¥\u h^pf¡ ky„v$f A_¡ QQp®õ`v$ ×íe sp¡ iuidl¡g_y„ R>¡, S>¡dp„ A_pfL$gu_y„ ârstbb iuidl¡gdp„ D`f\u _uQ¡ ky^u gNpX¡$gp lÅfp¡ AfukpAp¡_p Vy$L$X$pAp¡dp„ R|>` _p kL¡$Np BíL$ ldpfp Qpfp¢ sfa l¥ BkL$p _Tpfp Nus_u `„[¼sAp¡ hMs¡ v¡$Mpe R>¡.

rv$gu`Ly$dpf Ap¾$dL$ k„hpv$p¡ s\p dp¥__u hÃQ¡ kfk kdp_sp Åmhu i¼ep R>¡, Äepf¡ fpÅ_p fp¡gdp„ `©ÕhufpS> L$`|f¡ `p¡sp_p `lpX$u AhpS>_¡ AkfL$pfL$ fus¡ hp`ep¡® R ¡ S¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ AÐe„s W$õkpv$pf gpN¡ R>¡.

`f„sy kp¥\u h^pf¡ ky„v$f sp¡ d^ybpgp gpN¡ R>¡. l„d¡ip„ S> ky„v$f v¡$Mpsu d^ybpgp Ap qaëddp„ kl_ _ \pe A¡V$gu ApL$j®L$ gpN¡ R>¡. Apd sp¡ s¡_¡ `pNg`__u lv$ ky^u â¡ddp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Aphu R>¡ `f„sy kp¥\u h^pf¡ dlÒh sp¡ `°¡ddp„ s¡_u S>¡ Ly$v$fsu îÙp R>¡ s¡_y„ R>¡.

d^ybpgp_y„ kp¦v$e® 43 hj® `R>u ApS>¡ `Z A¡V$gy„ S> gpS>hpb gpN¡ R>¡ A_¡ Äep„ ky^u dyNg-A¡-ApTd_u qâÞV$ dm¡ R>¡ Ðep„ ky^u fl¡hp_y„ R>¡.

dyNg-A¡-ApTd qaëd_p„ ÅZusp„ Nusp¡
Nus	NpeL$p¡
iyc qv$_ Apep¡	bX¡$ Nygpd Agu Mp„
dp¡l¡ `_OV$ `¡	gsp d„N¡iLf
s¡fu dl¡qag d¢ qL$õds	gsp d„N¡iL$f
A¡ BíL$ e¡ kb vy$r_ephpg¡	gsp d„N¡iL$f
â¡d Å¡N_	bX¡$ Nygpd Agu Mp„
dlp¡åbs L$u S|>W$u L$lp_u	gsp d„N¡iL$f
Myv$p q_N¡lbp_	gsp d„N¡iL$f
àepf qL$ep sp¡ X$f_p ¼ep	gsp d„N¡iL$f
b¡L$k `¡ L$fd L$uÆA¡	gsp d„N¡iL$f
tTv$pbpv$ tTv$pbpv$	dp¡lçdv$ fau
S>b fps l¥ A¥ku dshpgu	gsp d„N¡iL$f

gp¡L$râe k„hpv$p¡ (Adp_ A_¡ L$dpg Adfp¡lu) :

Äepf¡ A_pfL$gu_¡ kgud bqnkê$`¡ L$p„Vp Ap`¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>l¡ _kub, L$p„Vp¡ Lp¡ dyTp_¡ L$p Mp¥a _l] lp¡sp.

Å¡^pbpC : ldpfp rlÞvy$õsp_ L$p¡C sydlpfp qv$g _l] l¥ gp¦X$u rS>k `f lzL|$ds L$f¢.

kgud : sp¡ d¡fp qv$g cu Ap` L$p rlÞvy$õsp_ _l] l¥, Å¡ Ap` Dk `f lzL|$ds L$f¢.

qaëd rhi¡ L¡$V$guL$ ÅZhp S>¡hu hpsp¡ :

* Ap qaëd_u hpsp® 1953dp„ bu_p fpe_¡ gC_¡ b_¡g â¿eps A_pfL$gu _pV$L$dp„\u g¡hpdp„ Aphu lsu. L¡$. Apqka¡ Ap qaëd 1940dp„ _fNuk, kây A_¡ Q„Ödp¡l__¡ gC_¡ b_phhp_y„ rhQpey¯ lsy„ S>¡_u S>ÁepA¡ `pR>m\u s¡Z¡ d^ybpgp, qv$gu`Ly$dpf A_¡ `©ÕhufpS> L$`|f_¡ gu^p„.

* `©ÕhufpS> L$`|f v$f¡L$ i|qV„$N `l¡gp„ `p¡sp_p S>¡V$gu S> KQpC ^fphsp Afukpdp„ Å¡sp„. Äepf¡ L¡$. Apqka¡ s¡d_¡ Aphy„ L$fhp `pR>m_y„ LpfZ `|R>¹ey„ sp¡ s¡dZ¡ L$üy„ L¡$ Aphy„ L$fu_¡ s¡Ap¡ `pÓ_u A„v$f Esfhp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$f¡ R>¡.

* dyNg-A¡-ApTd d^ybpgp_u L$pfqL$v$}_u kp¥\u î¡›$ qaëd lsu, `Z Ap qaëd `R>u s¡ `p¡sp_p ùv$e_u budpfu_¡ L$pfZ¡ ¼epf¡e L$p¡C buÆ qaëd kpB_ _ L$fu iL$u.

* sbgphpv$L$ TpL$uf lzk¡_ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$, ""bpm kgud_p fp¡g dpV¡$ `l¡gp„ s¡d_¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp `f„sy `pR>m\u Ap fp¡g S>gpg ApNpA¡ cS>ìep¡ lsp¡.

* L¡$. Apqka Ap qaëd_p qv$Áv$i®_ `R>u "awg' _pd_u A¡L$dpÓ qaëd_y„ rv$Áv$i®_ L$fu i¼ep.

k„Nus

* _p¥ipv$_p L$l¡hp âdpZ¡ s¡dZ¡ Ap qaëd dpV¡$ 15-20 Nusp¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ L$ep¯ lsp„ `Z A¡ b^p„ Nusp¡_p¡ qaëddp„ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ _l]. qv$gu`Ly$dpf¡ `Z fpS>Ly$dpf_p fp¡gdp„ A¡L$ `Z Nus Npey„ _l].

* S>b àepf qL$ep sp¡ X$f_p ¼ep Nus dpV¡$ NusLpf iL$ug bv$pe|„_u A_¡ _p¥ipv$_u s¡d_p b„Ngpdp„ ApMu fps QQp® Qpgu lsu, `f„sy Ap QQp®_p A„s¡ s¡Ap¡ A¡L$ A¡hy„ Nus gC_¡ Apìep S>¡ b^p S> L$°p„rsL$pfu â¡duAp¡_p lõspnf S>¡h„y b_u Ney„ R>¡.

Ap `Z hp„Qp¡
Qgsu L$p _pd NpX$u : V¡$Þi_ cygphu v¡$ A¡hu qaëd

qX$TpB_ : Dv$e Ly$qL$e_