qv$_¡i fpl¡Å

AÐepf¡ bp¡guh|X$dp„ ApBV$d kp¢N hNf gNcN L$p¡C qaëd b_su _\u. Ap¡qX$eÞk_¡ M¢Qu gphhpdp„ Aphp„ ApBV$d kp¡„N L$pdepb _uhX¡$ `Z R>¡. ^dpL¡$v$pf k„Nus, TpL$Tdpmhpmp k¡V$ A_¡ rië`p i¡Ë$u, fhu_p V„$X$_ L¡$ ky[õdsp k¡_ S>¡hu M|bk|fs Arc_¡ÓuAp¡ A¡L$ Nus `|fsu `Z qaëddp„ Mpk g¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

h¥S>e„sudpgp `f qaëdphpe¡gp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ gp¡L$râe Nusp¡
Nus	qaëd	NpreL$p
d_ X$p¡g¡ d¡fp s_ X$p¡g¡	_prN_	gsp d„N¡iL$f
rS>k¡ s| L$b|g L$f g¡	v¡$hv$pk	gsp d„N¡iL$f
DX¡$ S>b S>b Tyëa¢ s¡fu	_ep v$p¥f	Apip cp¡kg¡, dp¡lçdv$ fau
ApÅ f¡ `fv¡$ku	d^ydsu	gsp d„N¡iL$f
Ap¥fs _¡ S>_d qv$ep	kp^_p	gsp d„N¡iL$f
v$p¡ l„kp¢ L$p Å¡X$p	N„Np S>dy_p	gsp d„N¡iL$f
d¦ L$p L$fy„ fpd	k„Nd	gsp d„N¡iL$f
rssgu EX$u EX$ Å¡ Qgu	k|fS	ipfv$p
syçl¢ epv$ L$fs¡ L$fs¡	Apd°`pgu	gsp d„N¡iL$f
lp¡W$p¢ `¡ A¥ku bps	Äh¡g \ua	gsp d„N¡iL$f

`Z Ap sp¡ ApS>L$pg_p¡ V²¡$ÞX$ R>¡. OZp„ OZp„ hjp¡® `l¡gp„ h¥S>e„sudpgp S>¡hu Arc_¡Óu ip÷ue _©Ðe `f Ap^pqfs X$pÞk L$fsu A_¡ v$i®L$p¡ Ap¡mOp¡m \C S>sp. `R>u A¡ d_ X$p¡g¡ d¡fp s_ X$p¡g¡... (_prN_) lp¡e L¡$ QY$ Nep¡ `p`u rbRy>Ap... (d^ydsu) L¡$ `R>u by–$p rdg Nep... (k„Nd) lp¡e A\hp sp¡ lp¡W$p¢ `¡ A¥ku bps... (Äh¡g \ua) lp¡e. h¥S>e„sudpgp_p„ Ap A_¡ Aphp„ L¡$V$gp„e Nusp¡ ky`frlV$ \ep„ lsp„.

AÐepf¡ rlÞv$u qaëdp¡dp„ Nd¡ s¡d L$fu_¡ ApBV$d kp¢N OykpX$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ `Z Ðepf¡ h¥S>e„sudpgp_p„ cphhplu _©Ðehpmp„ Nusp¡ v$i®L$p¡_¡ fuThhpdp„ kam \sp„.

s¡d_p„ k¡du¼gprkL$g X$pÞkhpmp„ Nusp¡A¡ bp¡guh|X$dp„ O¡fp¡ âcph `pX$ép¡ lsp¡.

ÓZ ÓZ hMs qaëda¡f_p¡ b¡õV$ A¡¼V²¡$k_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ Æs_pf h¥S>e„sudpgpA¡ v$rnZ_u (l¡dpdprg_u\u dp„X$u_¡ A¥ðep® fpe ky^u_u) L¡$Vgue Arc_¡ÓuAp¡ dpV¡$ bp¡guh|X$dp„ kamsp_p¡ fpl Mp¡gu v$u^p¡.

Q¡ÞÞCdp„ S>Þd¡gp„ h¥S>e„sudpgp qaëdp¡dp„ Apìep„ Ðepf¡ s¡d_u Jdf lsu dpÓ 15 hj®. s¡d_p Ly$Vy„$b_p rdÓ A¡d. hu. fpd_¡ srdm qaëd hmL$Cdp„ s¡d_¡ gp¡ÞQ L$ep¯ A_¡ qaëd Å¡fv$pf rlV$ \C NC.

s¡ `R>u 1951dp„ s¡dZ¡ A¡ S> qaëd blpf _pd¡ rlÞv$udp„ b_u s¡dp„ L$pd L$ey¯.

s¡d_p„ v$pv$udp evy$rNqf v¡$hu s¡d_p„ NpBX$ lsp„. s¡d_p dpN®v$i®_dp„ h¥S>e„su qaëdL¡$qfefdp„ ApNm h^u füp„ lsp„. blpf qaëddp„ h¥S>e„suA¡ `p¡sp_u _©ÐeL$mp `yfhpf L$fu v$u^u lsu. s¡ `R>u gX$L$u A_¡ _prN_ (1954)qaëdp¡ Aphu. s¡dp„\u _prN_ qaëd ky`fXy$`f rlV \C A_¡ s¡Ap¡ õV$pf b_u Nep„.

_prN_dp„ h¥S>e„sudpgp `f ApW$ ApW$ Nusp¡ qaëdphpep„ lsp„. l¡d„s Ly$dpf_y„ k„Nus, gspÆ_p¡ d^yf L„$W$ A_¡ h¥S>e„sudpgp_y„ cph`|Z® _©Ðe, `R>u iy„ L$l¡hp`Ï„ fl¡! ApW¡$ApW$ Nusp¡ rlV$ \C Nep„.

Ly$im qv$Áv$i®L$ rbdg fp¡e_u _S>f\u h¥S>e„sudpgp_p _©Ðe_p cph R|>`p _ füp A_¡ s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_u qaëd v¡$hv$pk (1955)dp„ qv$gu` Ly$dpf S>¡hp qv$ÁNS> kpd¡ Q„ÖdyMu_p fp¡gdp„ h¥S>e„su_¡ kpB_ L$ep¯.

_s®L$u Q„ÖdyMu sfuL¡$ h¥S>e„su_¡ g¡hp_p s¡d_p r_Z®e_u qaëd DÛp¡Ndp„ cpf¡ V$uL$p \C. L¡$V$gpL¡$ sp¡ A¡d `Z L$üy„ L¡$, "sp¡ lh¡ v¡$hv$pk sfuL¡$ L$p¡d¡qX$e_ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_¡ L¡$d _\u g¡sp?'

h¥S>e„sudpgpA¡ Q„ÖdyMu_y„ `pÓ Æh„s L$fu_¡ V$uL$pL$pfp¡_p„ dp¢ kuhu v$u^p„. s¡d_¡ s¡d_p Arc_e bv$g b¡õV$ k`p¡qV¯$N A¡¼V²¡$k_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ dþep¡ `Z s¡dZ¡ _ õhuL$pep£. s¡d_¡ gpNsy„ lsy„ L¡$ `pfp¡ sfuL¡$ kyrQÓp k¡_ S>¡V$gp¡ S> s¡d_p¡ `Z dlÒh_p¡ fp¡g lsp¡.

A¡hp¡X®$ g¡hp_p B_L$pf\u rhhpv$ ÅÁep¡ s¡ `R>u bu. Apf. Qp¡`fp_u qaëd _ep v$p¥f (1957) ky^u Qpëep¡. Aduf-Nfub hÃQ¡_p k„Oj®_u qaëd _ep v$p¥fdp„ Qp¡`fp `l¡gp„ rlfp¡B_ sfuL¡$ d^ybpgp_¡ g¡hp_p lsp `Z d^ybpgp ApDV$X$p¡f i|qV„$N dpV¡$ s¥epf _lp¡sp„ A¡V$g¡ dpdgp¡ L$p¡V®$dp„ Nep¡ `Z `R>u Qp¡`fpA¡ h¥S>e„sudpgp_¡ kpB_ L$fu gu^p„.

Ap Afkpdp„ h¥S>e„sudpgp_u qv$gu` Ly$dpf A_¡ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf (Þey qv$ëlu A_¡ Apip qaëdp¡dp„) kp\¡ Å¡X$u gp¡L$râe \C NC lsu.

v¡$hv$pk `R>u rbdg fp¡e¡ d^ydsu (1958) qaëddp„ h¥S>e„su_¡ rlfp¡B_ sfuL¡$ gu^p„ A_¡ s¡d_u V¡$g¡ÞV$_¡ Þepe Ap`hp$kpVy„ hpmu v$u^y„. d^ydsudp„ `lpX$uAp¡_u hÃQ¡\u ApÅ f¡ `fv¡$ku... Nus Npsp„ h¥S>e„su lÆ ApS>¡ `Z gp¡L$p¡ epv$ L$f¡ R>¡. L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ A¡ hMs¡ s¡Ap¡ v|$^dp„ _lpsp lsp A¡V$g¡ S> s¡d_p Ql¡fp `f A_p¡Mu QdL$ hsp®su lsu.

d^ydsudp„ s¡d_y„ L$pd hMZpey„ `Z s¡d_¡ `l¡ghl¡gp¡ qaëda¡f A¡hp¡X®$ kp^_p qaëd¡ A`pìep¡. bu. Apf. Qp¡`fp_u Ap qaëddp„ `l¡gp„ r_çdu_¡ g¡hp_u hps lsu `Z h¡íep_p¡ fp¡g L$fhp r_çdu s¥epf _lp¡sp„. h¥S>e„suA¡ A¡ c|rdL$pdp„ Å_ f¡X$u v$u^p¡. qaëddp„ NusL$pf kprlf gyq^ep_hu_y„ Ap¥fs _¡ S>_d qv$ep dfv$p¢ L$p¡, dfv$p¢ _¡ Dk¡ bpTpf qv$ep... Nus NpC_¡ h¥S>e„suA¡ v$i®L$p¡_p„ qv$g lgphu _p¿ep„.

L$pfrL$v$}_u V$p¡Q¡ lsp„ Ðepf¡ S> h¥S>e„suA¡ 1959dp„ `¡fukdp„ X$pÞk ip¡ `Z L$ep® A_¡ s¡ M|b hMZpep `Z Mfp. kp\¡ kp\¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf kp\¡ `¥Npd (1959) A_¡ fpS> L$`|f kp\¡ _Tfp_p (1961) S>¡hu qaëdp¡dp„ L$pd L$fhp_y„ `Z Qpgy lsy„.

N„Np S>dy_p (1961)dp„ qv$gu` Ly$dpf_u, cp¡S>`yfu rlÞv$u bp¡gsu `Ð_u ^Þ_p¡_u c|rdL$p dpV¡$ s¡d_¡ b¡õV$ A¡¼V²¡$k_p¡ Ahp¡X®$ dþep¡. qaëd d¡NprlV$ NC lsu.

N„Np S>dy_p qaëddp„ NpdX$p_u ÷u_p qV$r`L$g fp¡g `R>u s¡dZ¡ k„Nd (1964)dp„ [õhrd„N L$p¡õÃeyd `l¡fu_¡ A_¡ by–$p rdg Nep... Nus NpC_¡ k_k_pV$u dQphu v$u^u lsu. Å¡L¡$ fpS> L$`|f kp\¡ bp¡g fp^p bp¡g... Nusdp„ s¡dZ¡ fp^p_u d|„ThZ Apbpv$ ìe¼s L$fu A_¡ i„L$piug `rs_u Av¡$MpC kl¡su `Ð_u sfuL¡$ `Z kfk Arc_e L$ep£ lsp¡. k„Nd qaëd dpV¡$ `Z s¡d_¡ b¡õV$ A¡¼V²¡$k_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ dþep¡.

s¡ `R>u h¥S>e„sudpgp_y„ _pd fpS> L$`|f kp\¡ Å¡X$pey„ `Z `R>u h¥S>e„sudpgp fpS> L$`|f_p `k®_g qarTíe_ X$p¡. bpgu_p â¡ddp„ `X$ép„ A_¡ A¡ âL$fZ Ðep„ S> b„^ \C Ney„.

X$p¡. bpguA¡ `l¡gu `Ð_u_¡ R|>VpR>¡X$p Ap`u_¡ h¥S>e„sudpgp kp\¡ gÁ_ L$ep¯. Å¡L¡$ Ðep„ ky^u h¥S>e„su_u _hp _hp Aph¡gp içdu L$`|f kp\¡ râÞk _pd_u A_¡ ^d£ÞÖ kp\¡ àepf lu àepf _pd_u qaëdp¡ Aphu NC lsu.

h¥S>e„su A_¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf hÃQ¡ L$p¡CL$ hps¡ AZb_ph \C Nep¡ lsp¡ `Z s¡d R>sp„ b„_¡A¡ k„Oj® _pd_u qaëd `|fu L$fu. M|bu_u hps A¡ R>¡ L¡$ i|qV„$N v$fçep_ s¡dZ¡ L$v$u A¡L$buÅ kp\¡ hps L$fu _lp¡su.

s¡ `R>u 1967dp„ v¡$h Ap_„v$ kp\¡ Äh¡g \ua qaëddp„ L$pd L$ey¯. s¡ qaëd `Z ky`frlV$ \C NC.

`Z L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ 1966dp„ Aph¡gu Apd°`pgu qaëd ãgp¡` NC A¡_p¡ ApOps s¡Ap¡ Æfhu _ i¼ep„. A¡ qaëddp„ fpS>_s®L$u Apd°`pgu_u c|rdL$p dpV¡$ s¡dZ¡ M|b dl¡_s L$fu lsu. qaëd_u r_óamsp `R>u s¡dZ¡ Arc_¡Óu sfuL¡$_u L¡$qfef kd¡V$u gu^u. bu. Apf. Qp¡`fp S>¡hp rv$Áv$i®L$ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡ qaëd `R>u `Z s¡Ap¡ kl¡gpC\u A¡L$ v$peL$p ky^u qaëdp¡dp„ L$pd L$fu i¼ep„ lp¡s.

`Z s¡dZ¡ `R>u `p¡sp_p v$uL$fp kyQuÞÖ (S>¡ _p_p `pV¡$L$f kp\¡ Ap„Q _pd_u qaëddp„ Aphu füp¡ R>¡)_p DR>¡fdp„ Ýep_ v¡$hp dp„X$éy„. s¡dZ¡ X$pÞk A¡L¡$X$du iê$ L$fu. fpS>L$pfZdp„ `Z Apìep„.

qaëdp¡ R>p¡X$u v$u^p„ `R>u `Z s¡d_¡ v$uhpf qaëddp„ Ardspc bÃQ__u dp_p fp¡gdp„ A_¡ ¾$p„rs qaëddp„ qv$gu` Ly$dpf_u `Ð_u_p fp¡gdp„ kpB_ L$fhp qaëdd¡L$k® s¥epf lsp `Z `¥kp L¡$ A¡hp dlÒh_p fp¡g-L$iy„ s¡d_¡ Qmphu i¼ep _l].

lpgdp„ h¥S>e„sudpgp Q¡Þ_Cdp„ fl¡ R>¡. cpÁe¡ S> dy„bC Aph¡ R>¡.

S>¡ h¥S>e„su_¡ Qpf hj®_u Jdf¡ rÀõsuAp¡_p ^prd®L$ hX$p `p¡` kpd¡ _©Ðe L$fhp_p¡ blz f¡f QpÞk dþep¡ lsp¡ s¡ h¥S>e„sudpgp bpgu ApS>¡ 70 hj®_u Jdf¡ `Z cfs_pV$éd¹ _©Ðe_¡ Æh„s fpMhp_p âepkp¡dp„ X|$b¡gp„ R>¡.

h¥S>e„sudpgp_u kudprQl¹_ê$` qaëdp¡
hj®	qaëd	lufp¡
1951	blpf	L$f_ v$uhp_
1954	_prN_	âv$u` Ly$dpf
1955	v¡$hv$pk	qv$gu` Ly$dpf
1956	Þey qv$ëlu	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf
1957	_ep v$p¥f	qv$gu` Ly$dpf
1958	d^ydsu	qv$gu` Ly$dpf
1958	kp^_p	ky_ug v$Ñ
1961	N„Np S>dy_p	qv$gu` Ly$dpf
1964	k„Nd	fpS> L$`|f, fpS>¡ÞÖ Ly$dpf
1967	Äh¡g \ua	v¡$h Ap_„v$

Ap `Z hp„Qp¡
iiu L$`|f : A¡L$ õdpV®$, Å¡iugp¡ A¡¼V$f

qX$TpB_ : Dv$e Ly$qL$e_