qv$_¡i fpl¡Å

M„X$hp_p¡ 18 hj®_p¡ eyhp_. _pd Apcpk Ly$dpf Np„Nygu. A¡_¡ NpeL$ b_hp_u NS>b_u sdÞ_p. A¡L$ qv$hk A¡ `¡V$udp„ L$`X$p„ cfu_¡ dy„bC Aphu Nep¡. NpeL$ sfuL¡$_u L$p¡C S> spgud gu^u _lp¡su. `Z Apcpk Ly$dpf `f sp¡ _kub_p Qpf¡e lp\ lsp.

A¡ Apcpk Ly$dpf A¡V$g¡ L¡$ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ fpS>¡i MÞ_p A_¡ Ardspc bÃQ_ S>¡hp ky`fõV$pk® dpV¡$ rlV$ Nusp¡ NpC_¡ A_¡ Þey qv$ëlu, Qgsu L$p _pd NpX$u S>¡hu qaëdp¡ Ap`u_¡ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_¡ Adf`v$ Ap`u v$u^y„.

s¡d_¡ a¼s NpeL$-A¡¼V$f qL$ip¡f L$ydpf L$luA¡ sp¡ A¡ A^|fy„ NZpi¡. NpeL$ A_¡ A¡¼V$f D`fp„s qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf k„NusL$pf `Z lsp. L$p¡C ldv$d _p flp A_¡ W„$X$u lhp el Qp„v$_u kylp_u S>¡hp„ kv$pblpf Nusp¡ s¡dZ¡ S> k„NusbÙ L$ep¯ lsp„.

qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf õV¡$S> `f A¡hp Mugsp L¡$ buÅ b^p _pdp„qL$s gp¡L$p¡ ip¡cp_p„ `|smp„ b_u fl¡sp„.

qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ `p¡sp_¡ dpV¡$ Npe¡gp„ Nusp¡
Nus	qaëd
_Mf¡hpgu	Þey qv$ëlu
B_p du_p X$uL$p	Apip
ku-A¡-V$u L¡$V$, L¡$V$ dp_¡	qv$ëlu L$p W$N
A¡L$ gX$L$u cuNu cpNu ku	Qgsu L$p _pd NpX$u
d¡f¡ d¡lb|b L$epds lp¡Nu	rd.A¡¼k B_ bp¡çb¡

qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_u epv$ Aph¡ s¡ kp\¡ S> s¡d_u lksu Ap„Mp¡ `l¡gp„ _S>f kpd¡ Aphu Åe. `Z A¡d_u dõsucfu Ap„Mp¡ A_¡ lp¡W¡$ fdsp„ Nusp¡ A¡ sp¡ blpf v¡$Mpsy„ lsy„. A¡d_u A„v$f L$iy„L$ flõede sp¡ap_ Qpgsy„ fl¡sy„ kss, s¡ _S>f¡ _ `X$sy„.

qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf cg¡ s¡d_u L$p¡d¡X$u qaëdp¡\u h^y gp¡L$râe \ep `Z s¡dZ¡ `p¡s¡ Äepf¡ raëdp¡ b_phu Ðepf¡ s¡d_p„, Mpk sp¡ Ap ÓZ Nusp¡-Ap Qg L¡$ syT¡ d¦ g¡ L¡$ Qgy„, `„\u lw„ d¦ Dk `\ L$p A_¡ L$p¡C gp¥V$p v¡$ d¡f¡ bus¡ lzA¡ qv$_ s¡Ap¡ A„sfd_\u L¡$V$gp N„cuf li¡ s¡ ìe¼s L$f¡ R>¡.

dy„bC Apìep `R>u qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_¡ s¡d_p\u 18 hj® dp¡V$p cpC Aip¡L$ Ly$dpf¡ A¡L$ Nus A`pìey„. rTØu qaëd_y„ A¡ Nus M¡dQ„v$ âL$pi¡ L„$`p¡T L$ey¯ lsy„. Ðepf¡ Aip¡L$ Ly$dpf bp¡çb¡ V$p¡L$uTdp„ õV$pf b_u Nep lsp.

rTØu_y„ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ Npe¡gy„ A¡ Nus df_¡ L$u vy$Ape¢... kp„cmp¡ sp¡ sd_¡ gpN¡ L¡$ Ap sp¡ L¡$. A¡g. kpeNg¡ Npey„ li¡.

v¡$h Ap_„v$_u A¡ qaëd\u _ sp¡ lufp¡ v¡$h Ap_„v$_u L¡$qfefdp„ L„$C dp¡V$p¡ hmp„L$$ Apìep¡ L¡$ _ NpeL$ sfuL¡$ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_u L¡$qfef `pV¡$ QX$u.

A¡V$g¡ `R>u qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ A¡[¼V„$N iê$ L$fu. _p_p _p_p fp¡g L$ep®. `Z `R>u h¥S>e„su dpgp kp\¡ 1953dp„ gX$L$u _pd_u qaëd L$fu A_¡ raëd rlV$ \C NC. rL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_p¡ rkspfp¡ Qd¼ep¡.

qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_u gp¡L$râe raëdp¡
hj®	qaëd	rlfp¡B_
1956	Þey qv$ëlu	h¥S>e„sudpgp
1956	cpC cpC	r_çdu
1957	Apip	h¥S>e„sudpgp
1958	Qgsu L$p _pd NpX$u	d^ybpgp
1958	qv$ëlu L$p W$N	_|s_

qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_¡ Å¡hp gp¡L$p¡ r\e¡V$k® R>gL$phu v¡$hp gpÁep. BëTpd qaëddp„ s¡dZ¡ du_p Ly$dpfu kp\¡ L$pd L$ey¯ A_¡ A¡L$ `R>u A¡L$ R> qaëdp¡ du_pLy$dpfu kp\¡ L$fu. v$fçep_dp„ Þey qv$ëlu (1956) A_¡ Apip (1957) qfrgT \C A_¡ b„_¡ rlV$ \C NC.

gp¡L$p¡ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_p„ dõsucep¯ _Mfp„ Å¡hp S> s¡d_u qaëdp¡ Å¡sp„.

s¡ hMs¡ rlÞv$u qaëdp¡dp„ lufp¡ kp\¡ L$p¡d¡qX$e_ lp¡e S> A¡hp¡ Qpg lsp¡ `Z qL$ip¡f A¡L$dpÓ L$p¡d¡qX$e_ lufp¡ lsp.

`R>u sp¡ A¡[¼V„$N_u Ap¡ak® dmhp dp„X$u. àg¡b¡L$ tkNf sfuL¡$ qL$ip¡f¡ A¡ hMs¡ v¡$h Ap_„v$ dpV¡$ ld l¦ fplu àepf L¡$ A_¡ R>p¡X$ v$p¡ Ap„Qg S>¡hp„ rlV$ Nusp¡ Npep„ lsp„. `Z `R>u A¡[¼V„$N `f h^y Ýep_ Ap`hp gpÁep A_¡ A¡L$ kde¡ sp¡ A¡[¼V„$Ndp„ A¡V$gp ìeõs fl¡hp gpÁep L¡$ ifpfs qaëddp„ Arc_¡sp qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf dpV¡$ dp¡l„dv$ fauA¡ AS>b l¦ v$põsp„ Nus Npey„ lsy„.

1958dp„ Aip¡L$ Ly$dpf, qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf A_¡ A_y` Ly$dpf-ÓZ¡e cpCAp¡A¡ Qgsu L$p _pd NpX$u qaëd b_phu A_¡ rlÞv$u qaëdp¡_p Brslpkdp„ A¡ L$p¡d¡X$u kudprQl¹_ b_u NC. qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf A_¡ d^ybpgp-`rs`Ð_u_u Å¡X$u_p¡ fp¡dpÞk `fv$p `f Å¡hp_u AgN S> dÅ lsu. `Z `R>u A¡ fp¡dpÞk qfeg gpBadp„ gp„by„ _ V¼ep¡.

1961dp„ Tydfy qaëd\u qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf qv$Áv$i®L$ A_¡ k„NusL$pf sfuL¡$ Ecep®.

v¡$h Ap_„v$ dpV¡$ Npe¡gp„ ÅZusp„ Nusp¡ *
Nus	qaëd
Æh_ L¡$ kaf d¦ fplu	dyr_dÆ
R>p¡X$ v$p¡ Ap„Qg	`¡IN N¡õV$
ld l¦ fplu àepf L¡$	_p¥ v$p¡ Áepfl
Npsp fl¡ d¡fp qv$g	NpCX$
`g cf L¡$ rge¡ L$p¡C	Älp¡_u d¡fp _pd

s¡ `R>u s¡dZ¡ v|$f NN_ L$u R>p„h d¢ (1964dp„) b_phu. A¡L$ bp` A_¡ s¡_p d|„Np v$uL$fp hÃQ¡_p k„b„^_u A¡ qaëddp„ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ Ap Qg L¡$ syT¡... S>¡hy„ v$v®$cey¯ Nus Npey„ A_¡ s¡d_p L„$W$_u A¡L$ Ap¡f rhriô$sp gp¡L$p¡ kpd¡ Aphu.

'60_p¡ v$peL$p¡ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf dpV¡$ blz L$`fp¡ füp¡. Ng®ä¡ÞX$, dl¡gp¢ L¡$ ¿hpb, d_dp¥Æ A_¡ f„Np¡gu S>¡hu qaëdp¡ ãgp¡` NC. Apr\®L$ dyíL¡$gudp„ Aphu Ne¡gp qL$ip¡f L$ydpf¡ `R>u S>¡ Aph¡ s¡ qaëdp¡ õhuL$pfhp dp„X$u. bpNu il¡Tpv$p A_¡ îudp_ a„V|$i S>¡hu qaëdp¡e L$fu A_¡ 1968dp„ `X$p¡k_ S>¡hu ky`frlV$ raëd `Z L$fu. Å¡L¡$ s¡dp„ s¡d_p¡ k`p¡qV¯$N fp¡g lsp¡.

A¡[¼V„N_u vy$r_epdp„ NpeL$ sp¡ ÅZ¡ ¼ep„e Mp¡hpC Nep¡ lsp¡. `Z `R>u qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ àg¡b¡L$ tktNN `f Ýep_ v¡$hp dp„X$éy„. `Z s¡ hMs¡ faukpl¡b R>hpC Nep lsp. qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_¡ v¡$h Ap_„v$_u NpBX$ A_¡ Äh¡g \ua qaëddp„ A¡L$b¡ Nusp¡ Nphp dþep„. s¡dp„ `Z fauA¡ S> dp¡V$p cpN_p„ Nusp¡ Npep„ lsp„. `Z Ly$d Ly$d S>¡hu _hp¡qv$s Arc_¡ÓuAp¡ kp\¡ kph ãgp¡` qaëdp¡ L$fsp„ s¡d_p„ Ap Nusp¡_¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ M|b hMpÎep„.

ApMf¡ qL$ip¡f L$ydpf_u Apfp^_p amu. A¡k. X$u. bd®_¡ fpS>¡i MÞ_p_u qaëd Apfp^_pdp„ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf `pk¡ `Z Nusp¡ NhX$pìep„. Ap raëddp„ `Z fau A_¡ bd®_v$pA¡ Nusp¡ Npep„ lsp„ `Z ê$` s¡fp dõsp_p A_¡ d¡f¡ k`_p¢ L$u fp_u Nusp¡ NpC_¡ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ s¡d_y„ AÅ¡X$`Ï„ `yfhpf L$fu v$u^y„. fpS>¡i MÞ_p `Z ky`f õV$pf b_u Nep¡.

rL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ `R>u `pRy>„ hmu_¡ Å¡ey„ _l]. Ap_ rdgp¡ kS>_p qaëd_p AÃR>p sp¡ ld Qgs¡ l¦ S>¡hp fp¡d¡[ÞVL$$ Nus\u dp„X$u_¡ L$p¡fp L$pNT qaëd_p d¡fp Æh_ L$p¡fp L$pNT, L$p¡fp lu fl Nep S>¡hy„ ^ufN„cuf A_¡ ìe\pcey¯ Nus-qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf dpV¡$ L$iy„ S> dyíL¡g _lp¡sy„.

rhS>e Ap_„v$\u gC_¡ rhS>e Afp¡fp ky^u_p A¡¼V$k® qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf `p¡sp_¡ dpV¡$ Npe A¡hu qX$dpÞX$ L$fhp gpÁep. qv$gu` Ly$dpf `Z qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_p Åvy$\u bQu i¼ep _l]. kNu_p qaëddp„ syçlpf¡ k„N sp¡ f¥_ buspC Nus s¡dZ¡ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf `pk¡ NhX$pìey„.

fpS>¡i MÞ_p dpV¡$ Npe¡gp„ ÅZusp„ Nusp¡*
Nus	qaëd
d¡f¡ k`_p¢ L$u fp_u	Apfp^_p
tTv$Nu L$p kaf	kaf
el ipd dõsp_u	L$V$u `s„N
tTv$Nu L¡$ kaf d¢	Ap` L$u L$kd
ipev$ d¡fu ipv$u L$p Mepg	kp¥s_

buÆ bpSy>, qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_y„ sf„Nu`Ï„ h^sy„ Qpëey„. L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ s¡Ap¡ s¡d_p Of_u `pR>m Aph¡gp„ TpX$ kp\¡ A¡L$gp A¡L$gp hpsp¡ L$fsp A_¡ s¡dZ¡ v$f¡L$ TpX$_p„ _pd `Z `pX$ép„ lsp„. A¡L$ hMs k¡V$ `f AX$^u d|R>dp„ Apìep lsp. âp¡X$éykf sp¡ qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf_y„ Ap ê$` Å¡C_¡ bOhpC S> Nep¡. s¡Z¡ L$pfZ `|R¹>ey„ sp¡ S>hpb dþep¡, "d_¡ lÆ AX$^p S> `¥kp dþep R>¡.' rgthN ê$ddp„ [õhtdN `yg Ecp¡ L$fhp_u qX$dpÞX$ L$fu_¡ s¡dZ¡ B[ÞV$qfef qX$TpC_f_¡ `Z QL$fph¡ QX$phu v$u^p¡ lsp¡.

s¡ `R>u s¡dZ¡ v|$f hpqv$ep¢ d¢ L$l] S>¡hu, A¡L$ `Z Nus hNf_u raëd `Z b_phu lsu.

ep¡rNsp bpgu kp\¡ s¡d_y„ gÁ_Æh_ gp„by„ _ Qpëey„ sp¡ R|>V$p \C _¡ s¡dZ¡ gu_p Q„v$phfL$f kp\¡ gÁ_ L$ep¯. s¡d_u A¡ Qp¡\u hpf_u `Ð_u s¡d_u v$uL$fp Ards L$fsp„ dp„X$ b¡Qpf hj® dp¡V$u lsu.

s¡d_u A¡L$ BÃR>p lsu, `p¡sp_p hs_ M„X$hp `pR>p S>hp_u A_¡ Ðep„ S> fl¡hp_u, `Z A¡ ¼epf¡e i¼e _ bÞey„. 1987dp„ lpV®$ A¡V¡$L$\u ArhõdfZue AhpS>_p õhpdu qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ vy$r_epdp„\u rhv$pe gu^u, `Z vy$r_ep_¡ s¡d_p„ kv$pblpf Nusp¡ A_¡ epv$Npf qaëdp¡_u c¡V$ Ap`u_¡.

Ardspc bÃQ_ dpV¡$ Npe¡gp„ ÅZusp„ Nusp¡*
Nus	qaëd
s¡f¡ d¡f¡ rdg_ L$u el f¥_p	Arcdp_
dpe _¡d BT A¡Þ\_u Np¡ÞTp[ëhk	Adf AL$bf A¡Þ\p¡_u
MC L¡$ `p_ b_pfkhpgp	X$p¡_
kgpd¡ BíL$ d¡fu Å_	dyL$Øf L$p rkL„$v$f
`N O|„Ofy bp„^ dufp _pQu \u	_dL$lgpg

(* Al] Ap`¡gu epv$u a¼s A¡L$ _d|_p¡ R>¡. qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf¡ Ap Arc_¡spAp¡ dpV¡$ L¡$V$gp„e rlV$ Nusp¡ Npep„ R>¡.)