A_¡L$ ES>mu L$lpZuAp¡\u DÞ_s L$ÃR>_p Brslpkdp„ A¡L$ L$pmu L$pfdu L$\pe¡ ^fbpe¡gu `X$u R>¡. A¡ R>¡ Nygpdp¡_p h¡`pf_u hps. A¡L$ kde¡ Ap Adp_yju h¡`pfdp„ L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡ NmpX|$b lsp A¡ L$ÃR>u Brslpk_y„ A¡L$ hfhy„ âL$fZ R>¡. gp¡M„X$u kp„L$mp¡, QpbyL$_p L$p¡fX$p A_¡ iesp_u ìehlpf_u hpsp¡ ApS>¡e Ap`Zp„ ê„$hpX$p„ MX$p„ L$fu v¡$ s¡d R>¡.

rdÓ_¡ dp¡L$gp¡

L$ÃR>_p kplrkL$ h¡`pfuAp¡ kps kpNf `pf L$fu Cfp_, Afbõsp_ A_¡ ApqäL$p kp\¡ h¡`pf-hZS> L$fsp. kÑfdu kv$u ky^udp„ L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡- Mpk L$fu_¡ cpqV$epAp¡- ApqäL$pdp„ `p¡sp_y„ hQ®õh S>dphu Q|¼ep lsp. S>¡fpd rihÆ _pd_p h¡`pfu sp¡ fpÅ_u kdL$n b_u Nep lsp. Tp„Tubpfdp„ A¡L$ cpqV$ep h¡`pfu v$uhp_`v¡$ `Z `lp¢Ãep lsp.

A¡ kde¡ OZp v¡$ip¡dp„ Nygpdu_u â\p A[õsÐhdp„ lsu. eyfp¡` A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ Nygpdp¡_u S>bfu dpN lsu. Ad¡qfL$p_p„ L$`pk_p„ rhipm M¡sfp¡dp„, b°prTg_p L$p¡au_p hph¡sfdp„ A_¡ h¡õV$ BÞX$uT_u hpX$uAp¡dp„ kõsp L¡$ das dS|>fp¡ d¡mhhp dprgL$p¡ sgksp lsp. Apfbp¡ ApqäL$p_p Ap„sqfL$ rhõspfp¡dp„ lzdgp L$fu eyhp_ ÷u-`yfyjp¡_¡ `L$X$u g¡sp A_¡ `R>u qaf„NuAp¡_¡ h¡Qu dpfsp. Ap qaf„Nu h¡`pfuAp¡ s¡d_¡ Ad¡qfL$p, h¡õV$ BÞX$uT hN¡f¡ õ\m¡ dp¡L$gu dbgL$ L$dpZu L$fsp. Brslpk _p¢^¡ R>¡ L¡$ qaf„Nu h¡`pfuAp¡A¡ C.k. 1680\u 1786 v$frdep_ huk gpM\u h^y Nygpdp¡_y„ h¡QpZ L$ey¯ lsy„. AY$pfdu kv$u_p A„s cpNdp„ sp¡ buÅ v¡$ip¡_p h¡`pfuAp¡ `Z Ap Adp_hue ìehkpedp„ Å¡X$php dp„X$ép. Apdp„ L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡ `Z bpL$ps _ lsp. âpf„cdp„ s¡Ap¡ Ap h¡`pfdp„ T„`gphsp„ MQL$psp lsp, `Z dbgL$ _ap_u gpgQ s¡d_¡ ApMf¡ `gpmu NC.

C.k. 1718dp„ `|h® ApqäL$p_p qL$_pfp_p âv¡$ip¡ A_¡ Apk`pk_p V$p`yAp¡dp„ Nygpdp¡_p¡ h¡`pf raf„NuAp¡_p lp\dp„\u Apfbp¡A¡ gC gu^p¡. 1804dp„ dõL$s_p¡ kygsp_ k¥ev$ k¥ev$ `|h® ApqäL$p `lp¢Ãep¡. s¡_u kp\¡ s¡_p rhðpk`pÓ L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡ `Z lsp. 1809dp„ kygsp_¡ `p¡sp_u fpS>^p_u Tp„Tubpfdp„ õ\p`u. A¡ kde¡ Åeam, kp¡`pfu A_¡ _prme¡f_p h¡`pfdp„ L$ÃR>uAp¡ kq¾$e lsp. L$ÃR>u `¡Y$uAp¡dp„ S>¡fpd rihÆ_u `¡Y$u Aìhg _„bf¡ NZpsu. S>¡fpd_p cpC BbÆ rihÆ_u `¡Y$u buÅ _„bf¡ lsu. fpÄe_u S>L$pshk|gu_p¡ BÅfp¡ `Z Ap b¡ cpCAp¡ `pk¡ lsp¡. ^ud¡^ud¡ _prme¡f, kp¡`pfu L¡$ Åeam_p h¡`pf_y„ õ\p_ Nygpdp¡_p h¡`pf¡ gu^y„ A_¡ `¡gp¡ h¡`pf sp¡ dpÓ blp_y„ S> b_u füp¡.

ApNm S>sp„ i¡W$ S>¡fpd rihÆ `p¡sp_p rhðpky dy_ud g^p v$pdÆ_¡ `¡Y$u_p¡ hluhV$ kp¢`u L$ÃR> `fs Nep. dy_ud¡ Nygpdp¡_p h¡`pf_¡ Qfd kudpA¡ `lp¢QpX$u v$u^p¡. `¡Y$udp„ Nygpdp¡_p h¡`pf dpV¡$ AgN rhcpN iê$ L$fu A¡_p¡ lhpgp¡ fpdÆ `fpNÆ_¡ kp¢àep¡. fpdÆA¡ `¡Y$u_p„ Np¡v$pdp¡ Nygpdp¡\u cfu v$u^p„.

fpdÆ_u ApN¡hp_u _uQ¡ dp¡V$u lr\epfb„^ V$p¡muAp¡ fps_p kde¡ kuv$uAp¡_p„ NpdX$p„ `f ÓpV$L$su. ki¼s eyhp_-eyhsuAp¡_¡ `L$X$u g¡hpdp„ Aphsp„ A_¡ kpd_p¡ L$f_pf_¡ W„$X$p L$g¡S>¡ W$pf L$fpsp„. `L$X$pe¡gpAp¡_¡ Nmp A_¡ lp\`Ndp„ gp¡M„X$u `Ë$p kp\¡_u S>„Æfp¡\u S>L$X$u g¡hpdp„ Aphsp„. Nygpdp¡ bmhp¡ _ L$f¡, cpNhp_u L$p¡rii _ L$f¡ A¡ dpV¡$ s¡d_¡ A^®c|¿ep fMpsp A_¡ L$p¡fX$p_p¡ dpf dpfhpdp„ Aphsp¡.

h¡Qpe¡gp L¡$ h¡QpZ dpV¡$_p Nygpdp¡_¡ hlpZp¡_p c„X$qL$epdp„ O¡V$p„-bL$fp_u S>¡d W$p„ku v¡$hpsp. c|M-sfk _¡ budpfu_¡ L$pfZ¡ gp„bu v$qfepC kaf v$frdep_ k„¿epb„^ Nygpdp¡ dfZ `pdsp. budpf A_¡ _ bQ¡ s¡hp Nygpdp¡_¡ Æhs¡Æh v$qfepdp„ a¢L$u v¡$hpdp„ Aphsp. BrslpkL$pfp¡ _p¢^¡ R>¡ L¡$ `L$X$pe¡gp v$f kp¡ Nygpddp„\u dp„X$ huk Æhsp kpNf`pf `lp¢Qsp. dfu S>sp A¡ "R|>V$u' S>sp A_¡ bpL$u_p dpV¡$ Æh_cf S> _l], `¡Y$u v$f `¡Y$u_u eps_pde Nygpdu _kubdp„ fl¡su.

dp„X$hu A_¡ dy„v$fpdp„ `Z Ap Nygpdp¡_¡ V²$p[ÞTV$ v$frdep_ gphhpdp„ Aphsp. ApS>¡ `Z L¡$V$gpe cpqV$ep N©lõ\p¡ s¡d S> AÞep¡_p„ rhipm dL$p_p¡_p„ c„X$qL$ep„_u v$uhpgp¡dp„ Nygpdp¡_¡ S>L$X$hp dpV¡$_p„ gp¡M„X$u L$X$p„ A_¡ S>„Æfp¡ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Ap gM_pf¡ bpm`Zdp„ dp„X$hu_p cpqV$ep h¡`pfuAp¡ `pk¡ s¡Ap¡_p `|h®Å¡_p„ "`fp¾$dp¡'_u hpsp¡ kp„cm¡gu R>¡.

ApNm S>sp„ rb°V$__u kfL$pf¡ Nygpdp¡_p¡ h¡`pf b„^ L$fphhp OZp âeÐ_ L$ep®, `Z dbgL$ AphL$ R>p¡X$hp kygsp_p¡ L¡$d s¥epf \pe? ApMf¡ 1872dp„ rb°qV$i kfL$pf¡ kf bV®$g äuAf_p hX$`Z l¡W$m A¡L$ L$rdi__u fQ_p L$fu. s¡dp„ L$ÃR>_p sÐL$pgu_ v$uhp_ iplbyØu_ D`fp„s A¡L$ tlvy$ A_¡ A¡L$ dy[õgd h¡`pfu_p¡ kdph¡i L$ep£, S>¡\u L$ÃR>u tlvy$-dy[õgd h¡`pfuAp¡ `f âcph `X$u iL¡$.

äuAf L$rdi_ A_¡ kygsp_ bfNk hÃQ¡ gp„bu hpV$pOpV$p¡ Qpgu. kygsp_ A„N°¡Å¡_¡ _pfpS> L$fhp _lp¡sp¡ dpNsp¡ s¡d dbgL$ AphL$ `Z Nydphhp _lp¡sp¡ BÃR>sp¡. Ap\u L$p¡L$Xy„$ N|„Qhpe¡gy„ S> füy„. ApMf¡ rb°qV$i kfL$pf¡ sÐL$pgu_ dlpfph v¡$imÆ_p¡ k„`L®$ kp^u s¡d_u dv$v$ dpNu. C.k. 1836_u R>Ì$u a¡b°yApfuA¡ v¡$imÆA¡ Tp„Tubpf_p L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡_¡ DØ¡iu_¡ A¡L$ afdp_ blpf `pX$éy„ A_¡ Nygpdp¡_p h¡`pf `f kv„$sf ârsb„^ Ål¡f L$ep£.

rb°qV$i kfL$pf¡ L$ÃR>_p dlpfph_u dv$v$ g¡hu `X$u A¡ S> v$ip®h¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap S>„Nrgescep® h¡`pfdp„ L$ÃR>u h¡`pfu L¡$V$gu lv¡$ k„X$p¡hpe¡gp lsp. dlpfph_p lzL$d_p `Ng¡ Tp„Tubpf_p L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡A¡ k„¿epb„^ Nygpdp¡_¡ dy¼s L$ep®. A¡ cpqV$ep h¡`pfu_u `¡Y$uA¡ A¡L$guA¡ 25,000 Nygpdp¡_¡ R>p¡X$ép s¡_p `f\u kdN° Ap„L$ L¡$V$gp¡ KQp¡ li¡ s¡_p¡ ¿epg Aphi¡.

L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡A¡ Nygpdp¡_p¡ O©Zpõ`v$ h¡`pf b„^ L$fsp„ A¡ ìehkpedp„ dp¡V$u Ap¡V$ Aphu. AgbÑ, Apfb h¡`pfuAp¡A¡ f¼s-dp„k_p¡ Ap h¡`pf Qpgy S> fp¿ep¡. ApMf¡ kygsp_ k¥ev$ bfNk_y„ dfZ \ey„ A_¡ s¡_p _bmp cpC Mguap_p lp\dp„ ipk__u ^yfp Aphu. sL$ dmsp„ S> A„N°¡Å¡A¡ s¡_u `pk¡\u hluhV$ Ap„QL$u gu^p¡. A_¡ 1897\u Nygpdp¡_p h¡`pf `f k„`|Z® ârsb„^ d|¼ep¡.

- Apd L$ÃR>_p ES>mp Brslpk_y„ A¡L$ L$pmy„ âL$fZ `|fy„ \ey„. `Z L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ dp„X$hu A_¡ dy„v$fp_p„ A¡ c|Nc® Np¡v$pdp¡dp„ AX$^u fps¡ c|sL$pm kp\¡ s„sy kp^sp Nygpdp¡_p E_p E_p r_kpkpA¡ kS>£gu O|V$__p¡ ApS>¡e Al¡kpk \C iL¡$ R>¡.

(X$p¡. lqfL©$óZ v¡$hkf¡_p 1971dp„ ârkÙ \e¡gp g¡M_p Ap^pf¡)

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?