Mahmud was ignored for the two-Test series against India, which Bangladesh lost 2-0 after going down in the final Test in Chittagong by an innings and 83 runs on Monday.
All-rounder Talha Jubair was the only player to be omitted from the 14-man squad chosen for the second Test.
Chittagong will host the first game and Dhaka the remaining two on December 26 and 27.
Squad: Habibul Bashar (captain), Khaled Mashud, Nafis Iqbal, Javed Omar, Mohammad Ashraful, Rajin Saleh, Aftab Ahmed, Mushfiqur Rahman, Mohammad Rafique, Tapash Baisya, Mashrafe Mortaza, Khaled Mahmud, Manjural Islam Rana, Nazmul Hossain.
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